Abstract
Endoplasmic Reticulum-Plasma Membrane contact sites (ER-PM CS) are
evolutionarily conserved membrane domains found in all eukaryotes, where
the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) closely interfaces with the plasma
membrane (PM). This short distance is achieved in plants through the
action of tether proteins such as Synaptotagmins (SYTs). Arabidopsis
comprises five SYT members ( SYT1-SYT5), but whether they possess
overlapping or distinct biological functions remains elusive.
SYT1, the best-characterized member, plays essential roles in the
resistance to abiotic stress. This study reveals that the functionally
redundant SYT1 and SYT3 genes, but not SYT5, are
involved in salt and cold stress resistance. We also show that, unlike
SYT5, SYT1 and SYT3 are not required for
Pseudomonas syringae resistance . Since SYT1 and SYT5
interact in vivo via their SMP domains , the distinct
functions of these proteins cannot be caused by differences in their
localization. Interestingly, structural phylogenetic analysis indicates
that SYT1 and SYT5 clades emerged early in the evolution of land plants.
We also show that SYT1 and SYT5 clades exhibit different structural
features, rationalizing their distinct biological roles.