Morphological integration, canalization and plasticity in response to
emergence timing in Abutilon theophrasti
Abstract
METHODS A field experiment was conducted by subjecting plants of
Abutilon theophrasti to four periods of emergence in spring (ET1), late
spring (ET2), summer (ET3) and late summer (ET4), and measuring a number
of traits, to calculate and analyze the correlations of plasticity with
canalization and integration in these traits at two growth stages.
RESULTS Plants with delayed emergence had higher level of phenotypic
integration, but only the plants emerged in late spring (ET2) had a case
of negative correlation between integration and plasticity; decreased
canalization had more positive correlations with plasticity in plants
except for those emerged in summer (ET3). CONCLUSIONS Our results
suggest that the relationships of plasticity with integration and
canalization in traits will more rely on induced plasticity in traits is
active or not and its strength, rather than the nature of environments.
Plants have the intelligence to regulate individual-level mechanisms
such as phenotypic integration and its relationship with plasticity to
deal with within-generation challenges, but regulate population-level
mechanisms such as canalization combined with plasticity in face of
future-generations challenges