Case history/examination
The second case was a 44-year-old male with an edentulous area in the upper left quadrant due to a significant bone defect, which caused prevention in implant placement and he underwent prosthetic and endodontic management. Rehabilitation of the edentulous span with a three-unit fixed partial denture (bridge) was planned, with root canal therapy on the upper left canine as a stable abutment. Clinical and radiographic examinations revealed a diagnosis of normal pulp and periapical tissues, while the percussion and palpation tests were negative (Figure 2. A). The left maxillary canine displayed first and second curvatures of 45° and 53° respectively, which were calculated by the Southard approach (Figure 2.F)(7).