Author/year Number of Cases Presented Challenges Instrumentation Irrigation Obturation
Liu et al. (11)/2024 1 (maxillary second premolar) severely ”S-shaped” root(69° and 35° angle for first and second curvatures) Pre-curved #8 and #10 K-files files + Precurved #10 and #15 K-type files + NiTi rotary files copious 1% NaOCl + 17% EDTA + ultrasonic activation gutta-percha cones + AH Plus sealer +continuous wave obturation technique
Alhwieti et al. (28)/2024 1 (mandibular second molar) narrow and curved canal Modified NiTi rotary files 5.25% NaOCL + 17% EDTA Gutta-percha cones + hydraulic condensation technique with a calcium silicate-based sealer
Rizky et al. (22)/2024 1 (maxillary premolar) secondary caries and curvature root canal anatomy K-file #08 + rotary file Protaper glider NaOCL 2,5% + EDTA 17% + ultrasonic activation Single cone technique with thermoplasticized injection technique
Arora and Seth (29)/2024 1 curved root canal K-file #10, #12, #30, #35 and #40 NiTi flexible files NaOCl, saline and EDTA lateral condensation method
Rosselle et al. (24)/2024 3 (maxillary first and second molar and mandibular first molar) Severely curved root canals (60°, 75° and 90° angle for cases) Orifice opener rotary instrument + pre-curved D-finders #08 and #10 + K-files #15,#20 and #25 2.5% of NaOCl, 17% EDTA, and sterile water with ultrasonic activation single gutta-percha cone technique and AH Plus sealer
Umale and Gade (1)/2023 2 (first and second maxillary premolar) dilacerated root canals K-file #08, #10 and #15, and #17, #20 and #25 NiTi rotary files 17% EDTA and 3% NaOCl with activation 4% taper gutta-percha + zinc oxide eugenol sealer with single cone obturation method
Matta and Kaur (30)/2021 1 (maxillary lateral incisor) thin and S-shaped root No. 10 K-file and size 10, 20 and 50 K-file + rotary preparation with Neoendo Flex file normal saline and 3% NaOCl + 2% chlorhexidine 4% taper gutta-percha and tug-back. lateral compaction technique using nickel–titanium spreaders
Deshmukh et al. (31)/2020 1 (maxillary second premolar) S-shaped root canal steel K-files #8 and #10 + NiTi hand files #15 and #20 normal saline + 2.5% NaOCl with Irrisafe ultrasonic activation thermoplasticized gutta percha technique + AH Plus sealer
Elkholy and Ha (32)/2020 1 (maxillary lateral incisor) S-shaped double-curved root 17/12 heat-treated NiTi file + #8 and #10 K-file + 20/04 and 25/04 files with zone technique and tactile control activation Not mentioned gutta-percha \RL+ continuous wave of compaction obturation technique + AH Plus sealer
Patnana et al. (9)/ 2018 3 (mandibular first and second molar) Severe root canal curvatures (95° angle of distal curvature ) K-file #10 and #15 and ProTaper Next rotary 5.25% of NaOCl, 17% EDTA and saline The single cone obturation with 6% gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer
Sakkir et al. (33)/2014 1 (maxillary first and second premolar) doubly curved or S-shape root canal #8, #10 and #15 stainless steel K-files + NiTi hand files #15, #20, and #25 5.25% of NaOCl, 17% EDTA and physiological saline 4% gutta-percha + AH Plus sealer + with the lateral condensation method of obturation
Ansari and Maria (23)/2012 3 (maxillary first molar and second premolar) sharp mesiobuccal and distobuccal curvature at the middle third Precurved K-file #10, #12, #30, #35 + rotary Pro-taper NaOCl, saline, and EDTA lateral condensation method