The sustainable farming practices aimed at optimizing bush bean production in the Nilgiris Biosphere, addressing the challenges posed by tropospheric ozone and promoting ecological resilience.The problem is to identify effective sustainable farming practices that can enhance bush bean production in the Nilgiris Biosphere while mitigating the adverse effects of tropospheric ozone pollution.The objective is to evaluate and implement sustainable farming practices that optimize bush bean production in the Nilgiris Biosphere while reducing the impact of tropospheric ozone. To identify strategies that enhance crop resilience and productivity. A randomized block design was employed, testing various practices including organic fertilization, cover cropping, crop rotation, Integrated Pest Management (IPM), and reduced tillage. Key parameters assessed included plant height, pod yield, soil quality, and pest incidence. Results indicated that organic fertilization led to a 25% increase in pod yield, while cover cropping improved soil moisture retention, and yielding. The findings revealed that these sustainable methods mitigated the oxidative stress effects caused by tropospheric ozone, enhancing the plant’s ability to thrive in challenging conditions. This research highlights the importance of integrating sustainable agricultural practices to optimize bush bean production in sensitive ecosystems. The study not only provides evidence of increased yields and improved soil quality but also emphasizes the role of these practices in fostering ecological balance and resilience against environmental stressors. The outcomes support the need for policy initiatives and farmer education programs focused on promoting sustainable agriculture in the Nilgiris Biosphere, ensuring both economic viability for farmers and environmental sustainability.The future scope includes scaling successful sustainable practices to other crops and regions, integrating advanced technologies for monitoring ozone impacts, and promoting farmer education to enhance resilience against environmental challenges.

This research explores the impact of elevated ozone (eO 3), elevated carbon dioxide (eCO 2), and their interaction on the yield and quality of mustard (Brassica juncea) crops through a Free Air Concentration Enrichment (FACE) experiment conducted in an open field setting. By examining a range of physiological parameters across different mustard varieties, this study aims to understand the responses of these crops to changing atmospheric conditions and identify genotypes with enhanced resilience to eO 3 and adaptability to future eCO 2 levels. Key physiological traits, including photosynthate availability, antioxidant and secondary metabolite production, and gas exchange parameters (photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and water-use efficiency), were analyzed at various growth stages to assess their correlation with yield and quality attributes under each treatment condition. The findings demonstrate that eO 3 significantly reduces yield by impacting quaternary branches, seed yield, biomass, and other yield-related parameters, while eCO 2 promotes yield and quality, enhancing photosynthesis and subsequent photosynthate accumulation. Notably, eCO 2 was found to mitigate the adverse effects of eO3 on yield and fatty acid composition, indicating a potential buffer against ozone-induced stress. Among the studied varieties, Pusa Bold exhibited superior performance, showing particular resilience to eO3 and benefiting from eCO2 enhancement. Multivariate analysis and linear modeling of the physiological parameters highlighted significant treatment and genotypic differences, underscoring the complex interplay between environmental factors and crop physiology. The study’s outcomes suggest that selecting genotypes with tolerance to ozone and favorable responses to elevated CO2 could be pivotal in sustaining mustard production under future climatic conditions. This research contributes to the broader understanding of how elevated atmospheric gases influence agricultural crops, offering insights for breeding and management practices aimed at enhancing crop resilience and food security in the face of climate change.