In the pursuit of reducing fuel consumption and emissions, engine downsizing has become a prevalent strategy in the automotive industry. This approach leads to increased mechanical loads on critical components such as the crankshaft. Surface treatments like deep rolling have been used to increase fatigue resistance. This study addresses the establishment of a connection between compressive residual stress induced by deep rolling and the fatigue performance of crankshafts. The experimental setup involves a residual stress measurements using x-ray diffraction and fatigue tests using a crankshaft test rig. Experimental outcomes include residual stress measurements, fatigue tests and correlation with a computational model of the deep rolling process. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of the relationship between residual stress, surface treatments, and fatigue strength in automotive crankshafts, paving the way for future advances in engine design and manufacturing.