The baggage and the benefits that travel with the F word: Transnational
feminism and its discontents
Abstract
We examined how locally situated and transnationally circulated meanings
of feminism interact forming implicit cultural meanings, and how these
meanings about feminism appear in women’s accounts of their own work and
identifications. Using twenty-four oral histories, we identified four
implicit cultural meanings about feminism: (1) “Mainstream” feminism
is/as white and middle-class; (2) Feminists are lesbians; (3) Feminism
is/as hostile to men; and (4) Feminism is/as a “western” ideology. In
addition, we identified three strategies activists used to respond to
these meanings: (1) distancing themselves from the word
“feminist/feminism”; (2) explicitly embracing the term and clarifying
its meaning; and (3) shifting from an individual to a structural level
of analysis. Examining these discourses in a multinational sample with
women of various racial-ethnic and indigenous identities, we found that
implicit cultural meanings often identified in the U.S. or as western
interact with locally found meanings affecting activists in the Majority
World . Activists’ use of these implicit cultural meanings complicated
prevalent, but often simplistic, narratives about feminists, feminism,
and identity.