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\author[1]{David Rijlaarsdam}%
\author[1]{Tom Hendrix}%
\author[1]{Pablo T Toledano González}%
\author[1]{Alberto Velasco-Mata}%
\author[1]{Léonie Buckley}%
\author[1]{Juan Puig Miquel}%
\author[1]{Oriol Aragon Casaled}%
\author[1]{Aubrey Dunne}%
\affil[1]{Affiliation not available}%


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  \date{May 01, 2026}


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\begin{abstract}
Earth Observation spacecraft play a pivotal role in various critical
applications impacting life on Earth. Historically, these systems have
adhered to conventional operational paradigms, namely the
``mow-the-lawn'' and ``bent pipe'' approaches. In these paradigms,
operational schedules are formulated on the ground and subsequently
uploaded to the spacecraft for execution. Execution involves either
systematically acquiring vast amounts of data (mow-the-lawn) or
targeting specific areas of interest as defined by end users or
operators. We aim to depart from these traditional methodologies by
integrating onboard Artificial Intelligence, near real-time
communication, and new observing strategies in one system called
CogniSAT-6. These innovations will amplify the amount, speed, and
quality of the information yielded by such a system by up to an order of
magnitude. This paper provides an overview of the current state of the
art in autonomous Earth Observation spacecraft and the application of
onboard processing in Earth Observation spacecraft. An overview is given
of the CogniSAT-6 mission, its concept of operations, system
architecture, and data processing design. In addition, the first results
of our in-orbit functional tests are presented. Since we believe that
the technology presented here will have a significant impact on society,
an ethical framework for such systems is presented. Finally, the
benefits of the technology and implications for Earth Observation
systems going forward are discussed.%
\end{abstract}%



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This paper appears in: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth
Observations and Remote Sensing Print ISSN: 1939-1404 Online ISSN:
2151-1535 Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/JSTARS.2024.3509734

\href{https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10772069}{}\url{https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2024.3509734}

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