Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common heart rate disorders, but most relevant studies are mainly focused on Europe and The United States, while information about AF in Chinese population is scarce. The purpose of this study was to provide a systematic review of the literature on atrial fibrillation in China. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review for China’s burden of AF. Methods: A systematic literature search (Medline 2001-2021) identified studies reporting the prevalence or incidence of ATRIAL fibrillation, risk factors for atrial fibrillation, comorbidities of atrial fibrillation, and use of antithrombotic therapy in China. This report focuses on descriptive analytical data. Results: Studies reported a wide variation in the prevalence of AF, with a range of community-based and hospital-based AF rates (from 0.49% to 8.8% and 4.4-35.7%). Aspirin and warfarin use were found to be particularly low in community-based studies in China, and warfarin and amiodarone use were higher in hospital-based studies than in other countries. Stroke is the most common complication of atrial fibrillation. Conclusions: We need higher quality studies to understand the burden of AF in China and work to improve community delivery and monitoring of antithrombotic therapy after AF. Given the size of China’s population, the impact on healthcare resources could be significant in the future.