Abstract
In this paper, we analyze a predator-predator-parasite model, which
considers prey subjected to predator fear effect and two modes of
harvesting (cooperation hunting by predators and artificial harvesting
of prey). Firstly, mathematical analysis of the model with regard to the
non-negativity, boundedness of solutions, stability of equilibria,
permanence, backward bifurcation and Hopf-bifurcation of the model are
analyzed. Secondly, we obtain some numerical simulation results: we
conduct extensive numerical simulations to explore the roles of fear
effect and other biologically related parameters (e.g. disease
transmission rate of prey, hunting cooperation and artificial
harvesting), we find that low levels fear and hunting cooperation can
stabilize the eco-epidemiological system, and low level artificial
harvesting will produce chaotic oscillations, but high level artificial
harvesting will stabilize the eco-epidemiological system. In reality, we
should protect vulnerable species from fear and cooperation hunting by
predators, because decrease in the number of vulnerable species may lead
to decrease in species diversity. Moreover, artificial harvesting of
species with certain economic value is generally carried out (such as
fish populations). However, if the species density is too low, the
chaotic oscillation of the population is dangerous to the survival of
the population, increasing the probability of population extinction, and
it is impossible to obtain a constant yield from the fluctuating
population. Therefore, it is desirable to promote the overall stable
equilibrium state of the system by artificial harvesting. In addition,
it is also observed the presence of disease in an ecosystem can promote
stable coexistence of species.