Neurological complications are frequent occurrences in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease. We analyzed the risk of stroke and the prevalence of neuropsychological impairment in 17 patients. There were no alterations in cerebral hemodynamics for over 70% of the patients, but most of them showed deficits in cognitive domains. We did not find a statistically significant correlation between the presence of neurovascular damage and worse performance on cognitive tests, but a trend towards a correlation between the Transcranial Doppler ultrasound results and the indices of Intelligence Quotient (p = 0.069) and Processing Speed Index (p = 0.082) was found.