Abstract Background Pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGG) are the most common childhood solid tumors. While typically indolent with excellent prognoses, certain mutations have been associated with aggressive tumor behavior. Case Presentation A 19-month-old with biopsy-confirmed pLGG experienced symptoms and progression of residual tumor two months following debulking surgery. Repeat debulking and biopsies similarly confirmed pLGG, while molecular analyses identified a FGFR1:TACC1 fusion. Discussion While rare, pLGG can exhibit aggressive tumor biology. This review highlights the role of FGFR aberrations in pLGG characterization, prognostication, and clinical decision-making. An examination of targeted therapies and ongoing clinical trials for recalcitrant pLGG was also performed.

Mesothelioma is rare in children and more common in adults for whom outcome is dismal. We diagnosed and treated two patients. Both had peritoneal tumors which harbor ALK gene mutations. Clinical presentations included cervical adenopathies with thromboses of neck veins and extensive peritoneal tumors encasing the different organs in the abdomen. Both had surgery and chemotherapy. Patient one has residual disease that has been stable for ten years. Both patients received oral Crizotinib. We describe the clinical course and outcome and give a brief summary of ALK inhibitors for mesothelioma in children.