Background: Optimum treatment options for arterial thrombosis are antiplatelet and anticoagulant treatments. We evaluated the effectiveness of Apixaban and Rivaroxaban treatment for preventing intimal hyperplasia in rabbits. Methods: The rabbits (n = 15) were randomly divided into three groups. Reanastomoses applied on the carotid artery site. All groups received 100 U/kg heparin sodium during operation period. Group A (n = 5) as a control group had no medication. Group B (n = 5) was given Rivaroxaban 3 mg/kg/day. In-group C (n = 5) Apixaban was administered perorally 10 mg/kg. At the end of the treatment on the 28th day, carotid artery specimens excised and evaluated histologically. Results: Increased intima thickness was observed in the control group than the drug groups (p<0.009). It was found that there was no difference between groups in terms of lumen diameter, lumen area, tunica media area and tunica media thickness (p>0.005). There was expressive difference between groups in terms of α-SMA distribution or Tunel staining (p<0.05, p<0.019). The p value was less than 0.05. Conclusion: Apixaban and Rivaroxaban had better efficacy on the results against intimal damage after carotid artery surgery.