Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a disseminated protozoan infection of the lymphoreticular system. The disease manifestation appears owing to a severe defect in the immune system of the host. Understanding the immune status (especially IL-17) and their cross-regulation in light of Treg dominant suppressive milieu is imperative in visceral leishmaniasis patients. The present study was carried out in peripheral blood samples of thirty-four VL patients. We observed a significantly low percentage frequency of IL-17A+CD4+T cells and IL-17RA expression on monocytes; in contrast significantly higher percentage frequency of activated T cells, Treg cells and IL-10RA expression was observed on T cell subsets and monocytes of VL patients. Further, the activated T cell frequency positively correlated with Treg cell frequency while negatively correlated with T effector cells frequency. Furthermore, the rescue of IL-17A+CD4 T cells was observed in absence of Treg cells and the blocking of IL-10 and TGF-β in vitro. Moreover, suppressive cytokines down-regulate IL-17RA expression on monocytes. Our results suggest that Treg cells possibly play a dominant role in dampening the effector immune response; abrogation of Treg milieu may help in the significant rescue of protective T cell response that may help in immune restoration among visceral leishmaniasis patients.