A Comprehensive Review of Drivers influencing Flu Vaccine Acceptance in
the Middle East: Using Health Belief Model
Abstract
Rationale, aims and objectives: A review of studies published over the
last six years gives update about this hot topic. In the middle of
COVID-19 pandemic, this study findings can help understand how
population may perceive vaccinations. The objectives of this study were
to review the literature covering the perceptions about influenza
vaccines and to determine factors influencing the acceptance of
vaccination using Health Belief Model (HBM). Methods: A comprehensive
literature search was performed utilizing PubMed and Google Scholar
databases. Three keywords were used: Influenza vaccine, perceptions, and
Middle East. Empirical studies that dealt with people/ HCW perceptions
of influenza vaccine in the Middle East and written in English were
included. The search covered articles published between January 2015 and
November 2020. Results: A total of 34 cross-sectional studies from of 22
countries were included in this review. The vaccination rates in Middle
East varied widely. However, the overall influenza vaccination rates
were generally low (<50%) among general population,
particularly among pregnant women and children. HCWs had relatively
higher vaccination rates compared to general population. Old age, health
comorbidities or working in high-risk environments were noted as major
motivators to receive the vaccine. Concerns about adverse reactions and
the lack of vaccine efficacy were the most predominant reported barriers
to receiving the vaccines. Lastly, cues to actions included receiving
advice from HCWs, influence of institutional requirement, awareness/
educational pamphlets and influence from the media. Conclusions: The HBM
can be helpful in identifying and analyzing motivators and barriers to
vaccination. Additionally, by looking at the root causation, this model
can help plan campaigns to increase vaccination rates in the region.
Finally, we recommend empowering HCWs to proactively advocate for
vaccination as part of preventive care.