The deflection problem of circular plates of variable thickness with fixed edges under uniform loaded is considered in this paper. When the thickness of the thin plate along the diameter section follows an exponential function curve, new approximate decomposition solution of the kind of deflection problems is constructed by the Adomian decomposition method. Based on the approximate decomposition solution, the influence of different design of the thickness change for the thin circular plate of variable thickness on the deflection, the radial bending stress and the tangential stress of the thin plate is discussed. The radial bending stress and the tangential stress of the plate of variable thickness at the center and the edge are analyzed with the parameters of thickness change of the plates through its 2-dimensional graphs. The center deflection of the plates of variable thickness is discussed with the parameters of thickness change of the plates through its 2-dimensional graph. From those discussions, one can see the radial bending stress and the tangential stress of the plate at the center tend to decrease after increasing to a certain level with the increase of the parameter. The center deflection and the absolute values of the radial bending stress and the tangential stress of the plate at the edge are increase along a curve as exponential curve with the increase of the parameter.