There have been several major advances in molecular microbiology in recent years and this review is aimed to describe a few advancements; predominantly focusing on the mitigating the environmental impact, molecular epidemiology of infectious diseases, bioremediation for environmental protection and conservation, pharmaceutical drug development, genome editing and gene therapy, and industrial biotechnology for sustainable food production. Apart from the conventional techniques; modern molecular biotechnology techniques such as transgenic DNA technology are successfully used in crop improvement. Genome editing is a powerful new tool for making precise alterations to the genetic material of an organism which has revolutionized in functional genomics and crop improvement. Molecular epidemiology has grown rapidly in the identification of infectious agents, transmission studies, distribution, responses, population dynamics of the pathogen, and the development of more effective vaccines based on modern advancements. Most of the pathogenic diseases have remained with none of the therapeutic drugs for a cure while the molecular microbiological and recombinant DNA technology approaches are promising methods in discovering new pharmaceutical drugs. Biotechnology has evolved into the best solution for the current food-yield problem; and genetically modified organisms play a key role in the food quality and quantity enhancement processes as a great achievement of biotechnology. Bioremediation is the modern developmental technology that can be applied as a promising approach to cater to the problems arising from polluted surroundings. Advanced molecular microbiological methods should be improvised out of the prevailing methods to get maximum potential despite the limitations.

The experiment was conducted to find out the effect of different preservative solutions to extend the vase life of blue water lily (Nymphaea stellata). Experimentation was arranged in a complete randomized design (CRD) with eight treatments along with distilled water used as the control treatment and each treatments replicated thrice. A preliminary trial was conducted to find out the best chemical solution/s and experiment 2, best concentrations using Al2 (SO3)4 200ppm, Clorox 0.5%, and Sugar 2.0% under laboratory conditions (23 ⁰C) with continuous light intensity of two florescent bulbs. The best concentration/s selected in the preliminary trail was used for next experiment. Non-parametric data, such as wilting of petals and sepal, sepal color, petiole rigidity, petiole color, were recorded based on the visual observations and the data were analyzed using statistical analysis system (SAS). Results reveled, cut flowers treated with combination treatment under laboratory condition, Al2(SO3)4 200ppm and Clorox 0.5% + sugar 2.0% of distilled water at 23⁰C were the best solutions to lengthen the vase life of blue water lily flowers up to seven days from harvest.