PHI improved ulcerative colitis by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome through TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway
Proinflammatory mediators such as cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α play key roles in UC, and the secretion level of these cytokines in serum or colon was found to rise sharply in the presence of UC. After PHI treatment, these inflammatory factors were significantly inhibited at both the gene and protein levels in the colon and serum (Fig. 5A-C).