Diversity in the clinical course and outcome of COVID-19 in patients
with different inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) can be associated with
type of IEIs
Abstract
Purpose: Due to limited and heterogeneous reports, there is still no
information on the relationship between the type of inborn errors of
immunity (IEIs) and two main parameters including the incidence rate and
severity of COVID-19. Therefore, this study aims to introduce IEIs that
may increase the chance of SARS‑CoV‑2 infection or have the highest
probability of risk for a severe type of COVID-19 before vaccination.
Methods: Data was collected through medical documents obtained from 15
patients with different IEIs and interviews with those who experienced
COVID-19 before vaccination and enrolled in our IEIs registry. Results:
Only three patients (20%), two men with Bruton Disease (BD) and one
woman with Autosomal Recessive Hypogammaglobinemia (ARH), experienced
severe-prolonged COVID-19. The frequency of patients with moderate and
severe COVID-19 was equal (13.33%). In the female group, one patient
with Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) and one patient with
Combined Immunodeficiency (CID) had moderate and severe forms of
COVID-19, respectively. In contrast, both men who experienced moderate
and severe COVID-19 were suffering from BD. Conclusion: Although a small
number of patients with BD, CID, and ARH experienced severe and severe-
prolonged COVID-19, no formation of cytokine storm was observed,
probably owing to IVIG therapy and congenital disorders in the formation
or function of cells producing cytokines (B&T cells). Therefore, IEIs
not only cannot be a crucial risk factor for COVID-19 but also may
provide a great research opportunity to find potential therapies for the
prevention of severe COVID-19 through the temporary suppression of some
immune system components.