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Diversity in the clinical course and outcome of COVID-19 in patients with different inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) can be associated with type of IEIs
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  • negin salemi,
  • Behrokh Shojaie,
  • Paria Bolourinejad,
  • Roya Sherkat,
  • Aryana Zamanifar,
  • Farhoodeh Ghaedrahmati,
  • Mahdieh Azizi,
  • Hamid Aria
negin salemi
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services Faculty of Medicine
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Behrokh Shojaie
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services Faculty of Medicine
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Paria Bolourinejad
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services Faculty of Medicine
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Roya Sherkat
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services Faculty of Medicine

Corresponding Author:sherkat@med.mui.ac.ir

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Aryana Zamanifar
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services Faculty of Medicine
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Farhoodeh Ghaedrahmati
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services Faculty of Medicine
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Mahdieh Azizi
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services Faculty of Medicine
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Hamid Aria
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services Faculty of Medicine
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Abstract

Purpose: Due to limited and heterogeneous reports, there is still no information on the relationship between the type of inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) and two main parameters including the incidence rate and severity of COVID-19. Therefore, this study aims to introduce IEIs that may increase the chance of SARS‑CoV‑2 infection or have the highest probability of risk for a severe type of COVID-19 before vaccination. Methods: Data was collected through medical documents obtained from 15 patients with different IEIs and interviews with those who experienced COVID-19 before vaccination and enrolled in our IEIs registry. Results: Only three patients (20%), two men with Bruton Disease (BD) and one woman with Autosomal Recessive Hypogammaglobinemia (ARH), experienced severe-prolonged COVID-19. The frequency of patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 was equal (13.33%). In the female group, one patient with Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) and one patient with Combined Immunodeficiency (CID) had moderate and severe forms of COVID-19, respectively. In contrast, both men who experienced moderate and severe COVID-19 were suffering from BD. Conclusion: Although a small number of patients with BD, CID, and ARH experienced severe and severe- prolonged COVID-19, no formation of cytokine storm was observed, probably owing to IVIG therapy and congenital disorders in the formation or function of cells producing cytokines (B&T cells). Therefore, IEIs not only cannot be a crucial risk factor for COVID-19 but also may provide a great research opportunity to find potential therapies for the prevention of severe COVID-19 through the temporary suppression of some immune system components.