A new species of Dactyloctenium (Poaceae) from Jammu and Kashmir is described and illustrated. Among Indian species of Dactyloctenium, the new D. ruderalis is closely related to the only previously known D. aristatum in the region by being non-stoloniferorous. Among others, distinctive characteristics of much taller; peduncle length and bearded curved apex; unequal glumes; ovate lemma; palea wingless and grain striations are features supporting the proposed new species. A thorough description illustrations, photo plates and a key to related species are provided to aid in its identification and differentiation.

A new species of Psammogeton (Apiaceae) found in Jammu district of Jammu and Kashmir, India, is described and illustrated. It is similar to Psammogeton canescens and P. shivalikense but differing from them in having noticeably radical leaves, deeply ternate leave with acuminate apex, pale yellow flowers, an elongated stylopodium, and fruits hairs that are over three times longer than they are wide. Together with the images, a distribution map, comparison of closely related Psammogeton canescens and P. shivalikense with comparable morphologies and phenology, and a key are included.

Koulium, a newly discovered monotypic genus of the family Apiaceae from the south-west of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India, is described and illustrated. It thrives in open areas, wastelands along rivers, and sandy beds. The new genus is related to Aphanopleura, Psammogeton, and Pimpinella but differs from them in that it has a thick, deep yellow root, fruits with intermixed hairs that are simple and T-shaped, petals sparsely pubescent on the outside, small vittae that are one under each furrow, ridges obscure, and fruits that have a subpentagonal cross section, oblong or elliptic, broader above, gradually narrow below. A diagnostic key, photos, illustrations, a distribution map, comparative characteristics (Table 1), and its closely related genera are provided.

Psammogeton hirsuta sp. nov. (Apiaceae), a novel species collected from specifically the lowlands of Jammu and Kashmir, north-west India’s subtropical region, is described and illustrated. Psammogeton hirsuta resembles one of its close relatives, P. canescens, and P. shivalikense; however, it differs significantly in terms of the plant being hirsute, sheaths of leaf bases, ciliate peduncle degree of pubescence, bracts and bracteoles, and fruit shape. Additionally, we provide phenology, a distribution map, a comparison of species with comparable morphologies, and a key to closely related species.

A new species of Psammogeton (Apiaceae) found in Samba district of Jammu and Kashmir, India, is described and illustrated. It is similar to Psammogeton canescens of this genus but differing from it in having noticeably radical leaves, deeply ternate leave with acuminate apex, an elongated stylopodium, and fruits hairs that are over three times longer than they are wide. Together with the images, a distribution map, comparison of closely related Psammogeton canescens with comparable morphologies and phenologies, and a key are included.

Psammogeton canescens subsp. cabulicus Wagenitz (Apiaceae), a new distributional record for the Flora of India is investigated in this work from Jammu district Jammu and Kashmir. Some intriguing plants were collected from the district Jammu between 2010 and 2018 as part of a field survey in the south-west regions, district Jammu of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. The taxa differing from others subspecies of the species by having lateral branches far exceeding the main axis, bracts ±2 mm long, bracteoles ±1.3 mm long, fruit 1.4 to 2.0 mm long. For ease in identification, a brief description, a key to subspecies of Psammogeton canescens and photographs of the plant and its parts are provided.

Indigofera jodhpurense sp. nov. (Fabaceae), which grows in arid places and wasteland near to the edge of Jodhpur in the direction of Pali, Rajasthan, India, is described. Although the species is similar to Indigofera cordifolia and I. jaisalmerica, it differs from these in having profusely hairy juvenile twigs, various types of trichomes on leaf surfaces, and sub-sessile flowers, straightened mucro at the tips of the leaves, and pods that are often single-seeded but can also be bi-seeded. The current communication includes a key to species, a comparative morphological analysis, and some photographs.