Qualitative data analysis is a critical phase in qualitative research. One of its cornerstones is the coding process. Deductive and inductive codes are generated for breadth and depth exploration of the research topics, respectively. Deductive coding bases on ‘a priori’ of codes to which segments of texts and transcripts are assigned. Inductive coding begins with data, making segments and categories, and generating relevant codes. It is concluded from this analysis that both the deductive and inductive coding often occurs in a qualitative data analysis process. Areas of further investigation are recommended.

The COVID-19 Pandemic began in China at the end of 2019 and spread rapidly to become a global pandemic by the first quarter of 2020. Many death incidences were reported in a short time before it was being familiar to many nations in terms of practices for containment. In response, many countries had to close down education institutions, lockdown cities, and countries, and emphasize practices of new lifestyles and behaviors thought to guarantee safety. Eventually, students were the most affected groups among the nations. Particularly, the impacts of the pandemic were realized in the teaching and learning processes as well as changes in the practices of administration and management of education services. The impacts were essentially felt by students themselves, professors, instructors, teachers, and educationists in managerial and administrative positions. The high intensities of the impacts escalated as there were no contingency plans to curb the sudden changes and lethality in the instant period of pandemic encounters. The pandemic situation signified the demand for an emergence preparedness, response, and recovery mechanism (EPRRM) contingency plan to be put in place for systems of education. The education EPRRM contingency plan would assist the education machinery in higher learning institutions (HLIs) and other levels of learning to keep in resilient and continuant teaching and learning processes in times of crises

Questionnaire surveys dominate the methodological designs in educational and social studies, particularly in developing countries. It is conceived practically easy to adopt study protocols under the design, and of course, most researchers would prefer using questionnaire survey studies designed in the most simple ways. Such studies provide the most economical way of gathering information from representations giving data that apply to general populations. As such, the desire for cost management and redeeming time have caused many researchers to adapt, adopt and apply the designs, even where it doesn't qualify for the study contexts. Consequently, they are confronted by managing consistent errors and mismatching study protocols and methodologies. However, the benefits of using the design are real and popular even to novice researchers, and the problems arising from the design are always easily addressed by experienced researchers.