Introduction
Indian Kathiawari horses are well-known as an endurance breed in the
Indian subcontinent, yet not much research has been undertaken on their
exercise physiology. An evaluation of the exercise physiology of
Kathiawari horses could significantly contribute to the further
development of the breed and for the improvement of its healthcare.
Kathiawari horses are well-adapted to the arid and semi-arid conditions
of the Kathiawar region. These horses are known for their loyalty and
intelligence, making them suitable for various equestrian activities.
While Kathiawari horses were historically used in warfare, today they
are also employed in various equestrian disciplines, including dressage,
show jumping, and endurance riding.
Hematological reference values were used to diagnose diseases, to
establish normal range and to find physiological alteration such as
dehydration in horses. The reasons for potential differences could also
be influenced by genetic factors, water availability, electrolyte losses
through sweat, nutritional quality and quantity, parasitism and
sub-clinical diseases. In addition to that the adaptation of working
horses to hot, humid climates and the physiological effects of endurance
exercise from an early age could also influence their normal ranges as
reported by Pritchard et al . (2009).
Serum biochemical markers had long been used as diagnostic indicator of
myocardial damage in veterinary medicine. Serum enzymes, such as lactate
dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST),
had been used to diagnose myocardial damages in veterinary medicine.
Elevations of these enzymes in serum were sensitive indicators of enzyme
leakage and cell necrosis. However, elevation of these enzymes in serum
activity was not a specific indicator of cardiac damage because they
were present in many tissues. Elevations were also seen in cases of
hepatic diseases, endocrine disorders, skeletal muscle damage and
pulmonary conditions as quoted by Olson and Miller (1986).
Changes in hemato-biochemical values represent an adaptation of the
individual horse to metabolic stress or catabolic response of the body
to physical activity, injury or disease. By obtaining blood samples
during the race, the effect of intense exercise on blood variables can
be monitored. Changes in electrolyte and mineral values are most likely
to occur during high-intensity or prolonged exercise (Klobucar et
al ., 2019). This study aimed to investigate the changes in
haematobiochemical parameters before and after exercise and to establish
the normal reference values in Indian Kathiawari horses.