Abbreviations: d and s, diastolic and systolic measurement respectively; IVS and LVPW, thickness of the interventricular septum and left ventricular posterior wall respectively; LVID, left ventricular internal diameter; LA and Ao, internal diameter of the left atrium and aorta respectively; EDV and ESV, end diastolic and end systolic left ventricular volume respectively; FS, fractional shortening of the left ventricle; EF, ejection fraction; SV, stroke volume.