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\title{A Wideband Frequency Beam-Scanning Antenna Array for Millimeter-Wave
Industrial~ Wireless Sensing Applications}



\author[1]{Abdul Jabbar }%
\author[2]{Jalil Ur-Rehman Kazim }%
\author[2]{Zhibo Pang }%
\author[2]{Muhammad Ali Babar Abbasi }%
\author[2]{Qammer Hussain Abbasi }%
\author[2]{Muhammad Ali Imran }%
\author[2]{Masood Ur Rehman }%
\affil[1]{University of Glasgow}%
\affil[2]{Affiliation not available}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 07, 2026}


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\begin{abstract}
The 57--71 GHz millimeter-wave (mmWave) Industrial, Scientific, and
Medical (ISM) band holds significant potential for enhancing the
performance of next-generation industrial wireless applications. This
paper first presents the design and analysis of a compact and
high-performance 8-element series-fed frequency beam-scanning array
designed to cover the entire 21.87\% fractional bandwidth of the 57--71
GHz ISM band. Using this as a subarray, a hybrid parallel-series feed
topology is designed to construct a 64-element (8 \selectlanguage{ngerman}× 8) planar array with
high-gain directional beams. The planar array provides a peak measured
gain of 20.12 dBi at 64 GHz and maintains a flat gain of over 19.23 dBi
throughout the band, with a 1 dB gain bandwidth of 13 GHz. Its narrow
directional beams provide an average half-power beamwidth of 9.7° and
11.78° in the elevation and azimuth planes, facilitating point-to-point
mmWave connectivity and high-resolution beam scanning. The inherent
phase variation of the series-fed topology is employed to produce a
beamscanning range of 40° within the 57--71 GHz band, with a scan loss
of less than 1 dB. The proposed array is a low-cost, and reproducible
solution for seamless integration with V-band mmWave equipment, as
elucidated through practical demonstration frameworks using mmWave power
sensor and EK1HMC6350 evaluation board. The proposed array is
well-suited for emerging industrial wireless sensing and imaging
applications, and mmWave frequency scanning radars. Its versatility
extends to various 60 GHz protocols such as IEEE 802.11ay, IEEE
802.11ad, IEEE 802.15.3c/d, WirelessHD, and other customized industrial
protocols such as WirelessHP.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



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