Figure 4. CDDO-Me ameliorates hepatic fibrosis in CDAHFD-fed
mice
(a) Hepatic sections stained with Sirius red or anti-αSMA antibody.
Scale bars show 100 μm (upper panels) and 20 μm (lower panels). (b)
Hydroxyproline levels measured in the livers (mean + S.D., n = 8). (c-e)
mRNA expression of Acta2 (c), Col1a1 (d), and Tgfb(e) determined using quantitative PCR (mean + S.D., n = 8). Statistical
differences were analysed using Dunnett’s multiple comparison test (*P
< 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001, ****P
< 0.0001, versus vehicle-treated CDAHFD-fed mice). (f) αSMA
and Vinculin protein levels determined by immunoblotting. (g) The
densitometric analysis of Figure. 4f was normalized to Vinculin levels
(mean + S.D., triplicate). Cont, Control; Veh, Vehicle.
Figure 5. Whole-transcriptome analysis reveals that
CDDO-Me inhibits recruitment of immune cells in NASH mice
(a) (left panel) Volcano plot showing the expressions of all transcripts
in the livers, where 2625 genes are upregulated (red) and 167 genes are
downregulated (blue) in CDAHFD-fed mice. (right panel) Volcano plot
shows the expressions of 2625 genes upregulated in the left panel, and
the 22 genes upregulated (red) and 195 genes downregulated (blue) by
CDDO-Me treatment in CDAHFD-fed mice (b) Venn diagram shows the numbers
of upregulated and downregulated genes by CDDO-Me treatment in
CDAHFD-fed mice. (c) The expression of 195 genes downregulated by
CDDO-Me among the upregulated genes in CDAHFD-fed mice are shown on the
heatmap. (d) The graphical summary obtained by Ingenuity Pathway
Analysis using 195 genes in Figure 5c. (e) The top five pathways
detected by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis using 195 genes in Figure. 5c are
shown on the bar graph.