Background: The aim of this study was to investigate whether individuals with and without a history of lifetime suicide attempts had differences in more severe depressive, anxious, and manic symptoms, functional impairment, quality of life, and childhood maltreatment, besides cytokines Method: The cross-sectional study enrolled 54 suicide attempters and 154 non-suicide attempters. All individuals were assessed through a questionnaire, structured clinical interview (SCID) for diagnoses of major affective disorders, and scales (17 item-Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Young Mania Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Sheehan Disability Scale, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and Quality of life). We also assessed anthropometric measures and laboratory biomarkers . Results: Individuals with history of lifetime suicide attempts showed significantly positive correlations regarding soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNF–RI) and severity of depressive symptoms (p= 0.013); interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) and severity of depressive symptoms (p= 0.04); absenteeism from work and childhood physical abuse (p= 0.012). Suicide attempters presented higher levels of interleukins (IL-13, IL-5), interferon-gamma (IFNγ), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and lower IL-4 levels. Conclusions: The data suggest that a subgroup of patients with history of lifetime suicide attempts in major affective disorders was associated with childhood maltreatment and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.