Abstract

The dielectric and optical properties of materials are important when creating biomedical prototypes utilising additive manufacturing or 3D printing. For high-frequency devices, characteristics such as dielectric constant, resistivity, and dielectric loss are used. Piezoelectric materials, such as polymer ceramic composites, have a significant impact on diagnostics and bone healing. 3D printed lenses and other metamaterial-based optical elements are employed in imaging and sensing applications incorporating polarisation and plasmonic characteristics.