Note: The dynamic process of sorting and precise positioning of nanoparticle biomass in pre-defined microstructures is very important, however, this is a major obstacle to the realization of surface-sensitive nanobiosensors and practical nanobiochips. A scalable, widespread and non-destructive trapping method based on dielectric forces is much needed for nanoparticle collection and nanobiosensing tools.  Here, we present a vertical nanogap architecture with an electrode-insulator-electrode stack structure.  Facilitate the generation of strong dielectric forces at low voltages, for precise capture and manipulation of nanoparticles and molecular assemblies, including lipid vesicles and amyloid-beta fibrillar proteins/oligomers.  Our vertical nanoplastic platform allows low-voltage nanoparticles recorded in optical dimensional designs, providing new opportunities for the fabrication of advanced surface-sensitive sensors. Nano biosensors appear as a powerful alternative to conventional analytical techniques, as nanosensors perform highly sensitive, real-time, and high-frequency monitoring of pollutants without extensive sample preparation.  Nano biosensors can be integrated into small devices for rapid screening and monitoring of a wide range of pollutants. Since the nano biosensor is  an analytical device, used to detect a chemical substance, which  is a combination of a biological component with a physicochemical detector.  Sensitive biological element  , for example tissue, micro-organisms  , etc., component of material or biomimetic that interacts with nanoparticles.

Note: Metal alloys or bimetallic nanoparticles have a high superparamagnetic property  , which makes them suitable for  electromagnetic nanomolecules or electromagnetic nanocarriers  . In addition to this, the electromagnetic property  of the surface of these nanoparticles allows surface active substances to  be placed  on the surface of the nanoparticles,  which can be used to dissolve the nanoparticles  .

Note : Nanowires ( NWS) alone cannot control the movement of electrons, so impurities must be added in a process called doping, typically with boron, phosphorus, selenium, or germanium. When the nanowire is doped, the electron movement can be converted,  allowing the electron flow to be turned on or   off  (stopping the electron flow), using the interlayer voltage of the nanowires (NWs   )   .  turns off Nanowires are another nanostructure thathas received many studies and researches. In general, the wire is said to be a structure that is extended in one direction (longitudinal direction) and is very limited in the other two directions. A basic feature of these structures that have two outputs is electrical conductivity. By applying the electric potential difference at the two ends of these structures and along their length, electric charge transfer occurs.

Note: Due to the specific surface area and high surface energy, the coating or stabilizing agent of the produced nanoparticles stick together and form a mass. This phenomenon leads to the loss of properties resulting from the small size of these particles.To prevent the accumulation of nanoparticles in the synthesis stage, stabilizers are used. Usually, two types of electrostatic and spatial drift methods are used to stabilize nanoparticles. In this model, two methods of stabilizing particles are used. In the first method,  ions are used to stabilize nanoparticles. These ions are absorbed into the particles and form an electrically charged layer around the nanoparticles, and as a result, the Raman covalent drift becomes from the accumulation of particles. In the second method, macromolecules are used to stabilize nanoparticles. Macromolecules stick to the surface of the particles and occupy the space around the nanoparticle. As the particles get closer to each other, these molecules become entangled and become Raman from the particles sticking together. It is from the interactions between nano layers and fat as a function of nanoparticle structure, morphology and surface electrochemistry.  This broad target consists of a number of nanomolecules obtained from coarse-grained molecular simulations. 

Note: Lithium with the chemical symbol Li is a silver-white and soft alkaline metal with an atomic number of 3. This element is the lightest metal and the least dense solid element under standard conditions of temperature and pressure. Like other alkali metals, lithium is very reactive and flammable, that's why most of them keep it under industrial oil or petroleum. If there is a cut on it, the cut part will have a metallic polish, but due to its high reactivity, it reacts very quickly with the moisture in the air, the air causes it to corrode, and it turns into a dark grayish silver color and then black. comes

Note: Nanosupercapacitors, also called electrochemical supercapacitors or nanocapacitors, thus emerge as promising fuel sources with astonishingly fast charge release rates. Amazing fast charging. Created to improve power execution (high speed capability), they still rely on similar inherent breakpoints.About the electrical characteristics and the process of making a nanocapacitor structure using (metal-insulator-carbon-metal nanotube layers).  Due to the unique nanotube structure, this structure shows high capacitance and the possibility of extremely high integration density.  Nanoscale patterns and high aspect ratio are obtained by electron beam lithography to fabricate these vertical nanostructures.  This structure can be used to replace capacitors that use a silicon pillar structure in dynamic random access memory (DRAM) or as a nanoscale capacitor for various nanoelectronic devices.

Note: Fabrication of arrays of vertically aligned cobalt nanowires on flat surfaces and field emission (FE) using them as electron cathodes is used.These arrays are obtained by electrodeposition in the form of nanoparticles on Au/Ti/Si substrates at very low temperature (<100°C).  After pattern removal, the arrays consist of structurally upright nanowires with high aspect ratios, uniform dimensions, and predetermined densities.  Electron field emission measurements of metallic properties and propagation of cobalt nanowires.

Note: Cobalt nanowires with a diameter of about 93 nm  are made using the electro-deposition technique on an aluminum mold, using the galvano-static deposition method. The aluminum mold is made through multi-stage (monodizing) pure aluminum sheet. Fabrication of arrays of vertical cobalt nanowires aligned on flat surfaces and field emission (FE) by using them as electron cathodes.  These arrays are made by electrodeposition in the form of nanoparticles on Au substrates. Ti/Si are obtained at very low temperature (<100°C).

Note:  Electron beam nanolithography is usually performed in a special environment or in equipment designed for this purpose.  In both cases, a precisely focused electron beam is sequentially scanned along the sample to reveal the resistance.

Note: Graphene is one of the most widely used carbon materials in the electrode of nano supercapacitors.   Theoretically, graphene has the highest electrochemical capacity of two layers of about    21.7% and 0.93%.The main problem is  to reduce the capacity of the nano supercapacitor compared to  the adhesion of the graphene sheets to each other and subsequently reducing the surface area and  the permeability of the electrolyte ions into the electrode  . Ideal is used as a supercapacitor material.  The unique properties and highly porous structure of 3DGNs, or the 3D structure of graphene, not only provide  a high available surface area, electrolyte penetration and create pathways for  electron transfer, but also provide an excellent scaffold for the placement of active materials  . 3D GNs with extremely high surface area, high specific capacity, excellent mechanical properties  and high electrical conductivity provide a unique application in nano supercapacitor materials  with charge-discharge capability and long life.

Note: Nobots (medical micro-nano robots) are small machines in the (nanoparticle) range that are designed to perform specific and sometimes repetitive operations with very high precision.Using  the knowledge of nanotechnology,  it is possible to design nano-robots   that are placed in the human body and play the role of protector and healer. These smart micro machines are able to make several copies of themselves and replace worn out or damaged tissues. This process is   called self-replication . Nano-robots have potential facilities that are able to protect the system meticulously and accurately by socializing and being placed in a colony. In fact, they are placed in a process with an atomic or molecular structure to complete a cycle. But the construction of this micro-robot is due to the complexities of the human body so that it is able to move among the arteries and veins of the body and  examine and identify diseases.  The nano-robot is a controlled robotic system on a nano and molecular scale. This micro-robot has features such as the ability to be used in small spaces with high flexibility, high adaptability and adaptability in different conditions of the energy production source required by the nano-robot, including  the kinetic energy of fluid (such as blood), electromagnetic rays, temperature changes caused by low and The increase of light is created and the creation of appropriate vibrations that can be used in various biological environments. The important thing that exists in medical nano robots  is through the provision of their driving force, which is mainly done by blood flow, and for this reason, it should be used with The patient's safety points should be observed. The system of transmitting  information and controlling the movement of nanorobots in the body should be such that it can be easily checked from outside the body.

Note: Using  the knowledge of electronic nano technology  , nano robots can be designed that are placed in the human body and play the role of protector and healer. These smart micro machines are able to make several copies of themselves and replace worn out or damaged tissues. This process is   called self-replication .Nano-robots have potential facilities that are able to protect the system meticulously and accurately by socializing and placing in colonies. In fact, they are placed in a process with an atomic or molecular structure to complete a cycle. However, due to the complexities of the human body, the construction of this micro  - robot is able to move among the arteries and veins of the body and examine and identify diseases.  This micro-robot has features such as the ability to be used in small spaces with high flexibility, high adaptability and adaptability in different conditions of the energy production source required by the nano-robot, including  the kinetic energy of fluid (such as blood), electromagnetic rays, temperature changes caused by The increase and decrease of light is created and the appropriate vibrations are created which can be used in various biological environments. The important thing that exists in medical nano robots  is through the provision of their driving force, which is mainly done by blood flow and thus The reason should be done by observing the patient's safety points. The system of transferring  information and controlling the movement of nano robots in the body should also be such that it can be easily checked from outside the body, which means that the nano machines can repair cells with tools and receivers He designed special ones on a molecular scale to reach the target cell and identify the existing problems by using the blood flow.