Note: Different parts of the microcontroller are each intended for a specific application. An electronic designer uses different parts according to his needs in the project. For this purpose, it is enough to activate the required settings in the desired section. By choosing a suitable microcontroller, we can implement simple electronic projects by saving the number of digital ICs. The advantage of this method is the high speed of the circuit and its cost-effectiveness.This microcontroller is available in three types of packages. Its two models are SMD type and its simple type with two rows packaging (DIP). The DIP type microcontroller is better placed on the board. This type of microcontroller ICs are used more often. A microcontroller is a programmable device. It means that the work method can be defined according to the need for this part in  the form of a program. In order to be able to define the idea and method of work execution for the microcontroller in such a way  that it can execute the work process accurately. This compact microcomputer (microcontroller) consists of the following different parts.

Note: In nanoelectronic industries; Nano chip, increasing the speed of nano transistors, both types of diamonds, i.e. n and p type stones, are used for nanoelectronic applications in microelectronics. By adding "B" metal impurity to diamond, P type nano diamond can be made. That is, he produced blue diamonds and by adding phosphorus to colorless diamonds, he also produced n-type diamonds.Nowadays, many semiconductors such as silicon are used in a wide range of nanoelectronic devices. However, due to the range of thermal changes and its extremely high speed, nano diamond is only compared to gold nanoparticles, which is the second best nano semiconductor in the world. Nano graphite and graphene nano strips are electrically conductive due to cloud scattering. Active nano diamond particles with such features, especially electronic ones, can be the foundation of completely new types of powerful nano electronic devices.

Note: Nano-telecommunications includes electronic devices and devices  , one of the dimensions of which is about one to several hundred nanometers. Accordingly  , if the antennas used in nano-components are to be in this  range, we should expect the electromagnetic waves used in  the communication of these systems and devices to be around tens of terahertz, which will  include the wavelengths of infrared, visible and ultraviolet. .The antenna is considered as the primary means of absorbing electromagnetic waves in space and has its own engineering knowledge, which is very developed and extensive. In general, in order to receive the electromagnetic wave in space, the dimensions of the antenna must be in the order of the size of the input wavelength to its surface. Due to the very low dimensions of nano-sensors, nano-antennas need a very high operating frequency to be usable. The use of graphene greatly helps to solve this problem. Wave propagation velocities in CNTs and GNRs can be up to 100 times slower than vacuum velocities, depending on the physical structure, temperature and energy. Accordingly, the resonant frequency of graphene-based nano-antennas can be twice as low as (nano-carbon) nano-antennas.

Note: In the construction of nano bio-electrochemical sensors, the minimum parts that are used in a biosensor are: the molecular recognition layer and the signal transducer, which can read out this signal to a measuring device. be connected.DNA is usually a suitable tool as a biosensor because the base pairing reaction between complementary sequences is both specific and stable. In this case, single-stranded probe DNA is immobilized on the detection layer, and then the target DNA reacts with the probe on the surface by pairing. The repetitiveness and unity of DNA structures makes their accumulation on the surface very specific. It is on  this surface that the target DNA is taken and the signal is generated. Therefore, it is important to immobilize the probe nucleic acid while  maintaining its initial adhesion strength for the detection of the target DNA. But how this  diagnostic process is measured depends on the method of signal transduction, which may  be optical, mechanical, or electrochemical.

nanological gates, in order to design nano-scale computers with dual-scale capabilities. All living biological systems function due to the molecular interactions of different subsystems. Molecular components (proteins and nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates, DNA and RNA) can be used as an inspirational strategy on how to design high-performance NEMS and MEMS that have the required features and characteristics. Considered. In addition, analytical and numerical methods are available for dynamic analysis and three-dimensional geometry, bonding and other properties of atoms and molecules. Thus, electromagnetic and mechanical, and other physical and chemical properties can be studied. Nanostructures and nanosystems can be widely used in medicine and health. Possible applications of nanotechnology include: drug synthesis and drug delivery (therapeutic potential is greatly increased due to the effective direct delivery of new types of drugs to specific sites in the body), nanosurgery and nanotherapy Synthesis and detection of genomes, nano-scale stimuli and sensors (diagnosis and prevention of disease), design and implantation of non-rejection artificial organs and design of high performance nanomaterials. It is important that these technologies change the manufacture of materials, devices and systems.