Introduction :Molecular communication  is a natural communication method used by living organisms (e.g., pheromone communication) and is predicted to become a portable method for future nanodevices.  The concentration of a molecule in the close vicinity of the receiver may be used to sense the transmitter of the molecular bit being sent.  Quantum communication   is based on the transfer of entangled pairs from one location to another, using exchange, repetition, and purification.  Quantum interference or quantum parallelism gives us enormous computational power, especially in source coding, where information about the entire content is needed instead of individual inputs. FRET is a non-radiative energy transfer process between fluorescent molecules based on dipole-dipole interactions of the molecules.  Energy is rapidly transferred from a donor to an acceptor molecule in close proximity, such as 0 to 10 nm, without the emission of a photon.  Low dependence on environmental factors, control of its parameters, and relatively wide transmission range make FRET suitable for high-speed nanoscale communication channels.The TN nanotransmitter and RN electromagnetic receiver must be able to perform  operations such as baseband processing  , frequency conversion, filtering, and amplification of the signals it  sends or those that reach the nanoantenna from free space. Given that the nanoantenna will oscillate at terahertz frequencies,  it is necessary to use FET RF transistors that are capable of operating at this high frequency  . Several transistors have been developed and introduced in this field. At lower frequencies, nanodevices are able to communicate over longer distances, but the efficiency of nanodevices is expected to be very low in this case. Therefore, nanosensors do not communicate at MHz frequencies, and higher energy waves are required to control a large number of nanodevices over a very wide area. For this reason, nanodevices communicate at frequencies of about 1.0 to 10 terahertz. Due to the severe limitations of nanodevices in terms of size and energy, the generation of high-power signals at terahertz frequencies is not practical. Therefore, classical communication patterns based on continuous signal communication cannot be implemented and for WNSNs, short-pulse modulation techniques in the time domain (OOK-TS: Keying Off-On) are used. These techniques are used especially in cases such as extracorporeal disease diagnosis systems and targeted drug delivery in the body as well as the nano-Internet of Things. Waves as information carriers are similar to classical communications.  However, due to the severe shortage of resources and quantum effects of materials, classical methods cannot be directly applied in the nano-domain.  Hence, it is necessary to use new materials and techniques. Quantum Communication in Nanocommunications Quantum communication  is based on the transfer of entangled pairs from one place to another, using exchange, repetition and purification.  Quantum interference or quantum parallelism gives us enormous computational power, especially in source coding, where information about the entire content is needed instead of individual inputs.

Abstract: Note :  Noise is a low-frequency random oscillation that occurs in many nanocommunication devices, including nanoelectronics, the environment, and organisms.  Noise can obscure signals, so it is often omitted from electronic and radio transmissions. Introduction: The origin of noise in nanoelectronics is currently mostly in carbon nanotubes based on the nanocommunicative functions and the structure of graphene particles in nanotubes in interaction for nanocommunication purposes by (nanoparticles) in single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and multi-walled CNTs. Nanomaterials with high surface-to-volume ratio are very attractive for noise generated by nanoelectrons because they are very sensitive to changes in their surface.  A representative material of this type is carbon nanotubes, which are rolled sheets of hexagonal graphene lattice, which are only one carbon atom thick. Simple nanocommunication devices consist of a carbon nanotube that forms two electrodes.  These magnetic communication particles are exposed to different large molecules, causing some of them to bind to the surface of the carbon nanotube. In nanocommunications,  different molecules give off unique acoustic signals related to the properties of the molecules.  The strength of the interaction between the carbon nanotubes and the molecules arises from the noise signals. In nanocommunicators  interacting with carbon nanotube-based electronic nanoparticles,  the signal generated by the carbon nanotube device is modified following the absorption of specific single molecules. This is because the absorbing molecule creates a trap state in the carbon nanotube, which causes it to conduct. This means that carbon nanotube-based nanocommunicators are very sensitive. They can  detect an unprecedented amount of single molecules.  The ability to characterize single molecules using highly sensitive nanoelectronics is an exciting prospect in the field of sensors, especially for neural and biosensor applications. The use of acoustic signals to detect molecular activity ((interaction) or (active orbital)) is attractive. In nanocommunicators and interacting with carbon nanotube-based electronic nanoparticles, the sensitivity of signal detection may be increased by the generation of controllable noise.  These carbon nanotube-based nanocommunicators demonstrate that it is possible to detect single molecules through their unique noise particles in current nanocommunicator signals.  Improved knowledge about the molecular origin and interaction of noise with carbon nanotube-based electronic nanoparticles should lead to the development of electronics that use noise to improve their performance rather than degrade it.

Note: Electrostatic nanocapacitors   also benefit from a very short distance between their electrodes, and  electrostatic nanocapacitors  are unique in this respect. If the electrodes are far apart, like charges on their surface strongly repel each other. When the electrodes are placed closer together, the negative and positive charges on either side balance these repulsive forces, and more total charge can be stored in a given area.The total thickness of each  electrostatic nanocapacitor  is only 25 nm, and many times they can be close together. So far, arrays of  electrostatic nanocapacitors  cannot store much total energy because they are too small. Electrostatic nanocapacitors  contain billions of nanocapacitors to store large amounts of energy.  Scaling up to a practical level is not trivial, but the pair work together to create larger arrays.

Note:  LSPR energy is sensitive to the dielectric performance of the material and the surrounding environment of  nano supercapacitors  , shape and size of nanoparticles. That is, if a ligand such as a protein  is attached to the surface of metal nanoparticles, its LSPR energy changes. Similarly, LSPR effects are sensitive to other changes in  nanosupercapacitors,  such as the spacing between nanoparticles, which  can be altered by the presence of surfactants or ions.One of the consequences of the LSPR effect in metal nanoparticles of nano  supercapacitors is the ability to absorb visible waves due to the coherent oscillations of plasmons. In  nano supercapacitors,  colloids of metal nanoparticles such as silver or gold can produce colors such as red, purple or orange. show that  cannot be seen in normal dimensions. This color change depends on the shape, size and surrounding environment of silver nanoparticles in  nano supercapacitors . In the structure of  nano supercapacitors,  one of the nano properties that distinguish metal nanoparticles from these large-scale materials is their optical properties. This is due to the  localized surface plasmon resonance. In simpler terms, when light hits metal surfaces of any size, some light waves travel along the metal surface. By creating surface plasmon, these waves actually give part of their energy to surface electrons and cause them to vibrate (scatter)   . When plasmons are generated in bulk metals, electrons can move freely through the material without recording any traces. In  nanoparticles, the surface plasmon is placed in a limited space, so that the electrons  oscillate back and forth in this small space and in the same direction. This effect is called Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR), when the frequency of these oscillations is the same as the frequency of the light causing  the plasmon, it is said that the plasmon is in resonance with the light.

Note: Metal alloys or bimetallic nanoparticles have a high superparamagnetic property  , which makes them suitable for  electromagnetic nanomolecules or electromagnetic nanocarriers  . In addition to this, the electromagnetic property  of the surface of these nanoparticles allows surface active substances to  be placed  on the surface of the nanoparticles,  which can be used to dissolve the nanoparticles  .Surface coating is an inseparable component of electromagnetic nanoparticles so that they can be  used. Although nanoparticles  are not attracted to each other due to their super paramagnetic properties,  but due to the high energy of the surfaces, electromagnetic nanoparticles tend to accumulate  . The electrostatic stability of nanomolecules  is not suitable for nanoparticles; Although the repulsion of charges on  the surface of nanoparticles can prevent their accumulation,  but in the presence of a catalyst or other electrolytes in the  internal environment of electromagnetic nanoparticles, these charges are neutralized. 

Note: Due to the specific surface area and high surface energy, the multiplied nanoparticles stick together and form a mass. This phenomenon leads to the loss of properties resulting from the small size of these particles.To prevent the accumulation of nanoparticles in the synthesis stage, stabilizers are used. Usually, two types of methods, electrostatic and spatial drift, are used to stabilize nanoparticles. In the first method, ions are used to stabilize nanoparticles. These ions are absorbed into the particles and form an electrically charged layer around the nanoparticles, and as a result of the molecular drift of the produced nanoparticles, due to the specific surface area and high surface energy, they stick together and form a mass. This phenomenon leads to the loss of properties resulting from the small size of these particles. To prevent the accumulation of nanoparticles in the synthesis stage, stabilizers are used.

Note: One of the issues that has not yet been well resolved in nanotechnology  is how to  establish electrical communication between nanoelectronic devices and the macroscopic world without  losing the capabilities of these nanoelements. One of these new areas and functions of nanotechnology is nanoantennas  , which are used  in various fields such as nanosensors, communication nanonetworks  , electrical energy generation and other similar topics and are considered as one of the current areas of nanotechnology development.  At the nanoscale, graphene-based antennas  are used to transmit EM waves. Graphene is a very thin single-atom sheet  of confined carbon atoms placed on a crystal lattice  . Given the very small dimensions of nanosensors, nanoantennas  need to have a very high operating frequency to be usable. However, the use of  graphene helps to solve this problem to a large extent. The nanonetwork has greater communication and processing potential that overcomes the limitations of independent nanodevices through the cooperation of nanodevices.

Abstract :   It is possible to identify individual molecules through their unique noise particles in current nanocommunication signals.  Improved knowledge of the molecular origin and interaction of nanoparticle-based carbon nanotube-based electronic noise should lead to the development of electronics that use noise to improve their performance rather than degrade it. Introduction :Quantum interference or quantum parallelism gives us enormous computational power, especially in source coding, where information about the entire content is needed instead of individual inputs.  Molecular communication is the sending and receiving of information encoded in molecules  , while electromagnetic communication is the sending and receiving  of electromagnetic radiation from various nanoscale devices  . Of these methods, molecular communication and electromagnetic communication  are considered wireless methods.  In electromagnetic communication, electromagnetic communication between nanosensors  depends on the development and fabrication of two important parts, the nanoantenna and  its associated transceiver  . At the nanoscale, graphene-based antennas  are used to transmit EM waves. Graphene is an extremely thin single-atom sheet  of confined carbon atoms arranged on a crystal lattice  . Due to the extremely small dimensions of nanosensors, nanoantennas  need to operate at very high frequencies to be useful. However, using  graphene helps to solve this problem to a great extent.

Noise is a low-frequency random oscillation that occurs in many nanocommunication devices, including nanoelectronics, the environment, and organisms.  Noise can obscure signals, so it is often omitted from electronic and radio transmissions. The origin of noise in nanoelectronics is currently mostly in carbon nanotubes based on the nanocommunicative functions and the structure of graphene particles in nanotubes in interaction for nanocommunication purposes by (nanoparticles) in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled CNTs. Nanomaterials with high surface-to-volume ratio of noise generated by nanoelectrons are very attractive because they are very sensitive to changes in their surface.  A representative material of this type is carbon nanotubes, which are rolled sheets of hexagonal graphene lattice, which are only one carbon atom thick.In nanocommunications,  different molecules give off unique acoustic signals related to the properties of the molecules.  The strength of the interaction between carbon nanotubes and the molecules arises from the noise signals. In nanocommunications,  the signal generated by the carbon nanotube-based electronic nanoparticles  is modified following the absorption of specific single molecules. This is because the absorbing molecule creates a trap state in the carbon nanotube, which causes it to conduct. This means that carbon nanotube-based nanocommunications devices are very sensitive. They can  detect an unprecedented amount of single molecules.  The ability to characterize single molecules using highly sensitive nanoelectronics is an exciting prospect in the field of sensors, especially for neurosensory and biosensor applications. The use of acoustic signals to detect molecular activity ((interaction) or (active orbital)) is attractive. In nanocommunications and interaction with carbon nanotube-based electronic nanoparticles, the sensitivity of signal detection may be increased by the generation of controllable noise.  These carbon nanotube-based nanocommunicators demonstrate the possibility of identifying individual molecules through their unique noise particles in current nanocommunicator signals.  Improved knowledge of the molecular origin and interaction of nanoparticle-based carbon nanotube-based electronic noise should lead to the development of electronics that use noise to improve their performance rather than degrade it.

 Note: Nano-network is a nano- scale communication network between nano-devices.  Nano-devices  face specific challenges in performance  due to limitations in processing power management capabilities .  Hence, these devices are expected to perform simple tasks that require different and novel approaches.   Molecular communication is a new information and communication solution that operates based on biological mechanisms and systems.Two nanoparticles can communicate with each other through chemical signaling.Data transfer between two nanoparticles can increase the capabilities and applications of nanodevices compared to their single operation mode in terms of both complexity and range of performance. This complex and flawless process with a wide coverage area can be named nano(data_communication) or Nano_telecommunicatison. Regarding  the communication structure between two nanoparticles through chemical signaling,  the measurement function requires them to  be located inside the environment from which parameters must be measured, and  the area covered by a nanonetwork  is limited to its surroundings. This is while a network of communicating nanoparticles can  cover a wider area and perform more network processing  . In addition, there are several nanocommunication technologies that  require the use of external excitation and measurement to work.  Wireless communication between nanonetwork and micro and macro devices and equipment can  meet this need.

Note: The dynamic process of sorting and accurate positioning of nanoparticle biomass in pre-defined microstructures is very important, however, this is a major obstacle to the realization of surface-sensitive nanobiosensors and practical nanobiochips.  A scalable, widespread and non-destructive trapping method based on dielectric forces is much needed for nanoparticle collection and nanobiosensing tools.  Here, we present a vertical nanogap architecture with an electrode-insulator-electrode stack structure.  Facilitate the generation of strong dielectric forces at low voltages, for precise capture and manipulation of nanoparticles and molecular assemblies, including lipid vesicles and amyloid-beta fibrillar proteins/oligomers.  Our vertical nanoplastic platform allows low-voltage nanoparticles recorded in optical dimensional designs, providing new opportunities for the fabrication of advanced surface-sensitive sensors. Nano biosensors appear to be a powerful alternative to conventional analytical techniques, as nanosensors perform highly sensitive, real-time, and high-frequency monitoring of pollutants without extensive sample preparation.  Nano biosensors can be integrated into small devices for rapid screening and monitoring of a wide range of pollutants. Since the nano biosensor is  an analytical device, used to detect a chemical substance, which  is a combination of a biological component with a physicochemical detector.  Sensitive biological element  , for example tissue, micro-organisms  , etc., component of material or biomimetic that interacts with nanoparticles.

Note: The properties and characteristics of electrical nanoparticles generally depend on their type and size, and they have many applications in various industries that it is not possible to check all of them. All the properties and characteristics that are created in electrical nanoparticles can be explained by the two factors of increasing the surface area compared to the volume and the discretization of energy levels. By changing the size of electrical nanoparticles, the distance between the energy levels in them changes. The smaller the size of the nanoparticles, the greater the distance between the energy levels, and the larger the size, the smaller the distance between the energy levels. This point makes it possible to adjust the distance between their energy levels by changing the size of electric nanoparticles in such a way that they absorb certain waves with Determine the frequency. For example, the dimensions of nanoparticles of a certain type can be adjusted so that they absorb infrared, ultraviolet, radio waves, etc.  A catalyst is a substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction (increase or decrease) but participates in the chemical reaction itself. does not A factor that has a great influence on the quality and performance of catalysts is a variable called its specific area. The larger the area of a catalyst material, the better its catalytic properties. The specific surface area of a catalyst is obtained using equation 1:This quantity is usually reported in units of square meters per gram and its value for commercial catalysts is between 100 and 400 square meters per gram. 100 square meters per gram means that 1 gram of this material has an area of 100 square meters.