Note: Nano robots are small machines designed to perform specific and sometimes repetitive operations with very high precision.  One of the other capabilities of nano-robots is self-replication,  and they are also compatible with the biological conditions of the human body.They have machine intelligence at an advanced level to choose the best option to diagnose the disease. For example, cancer, which is the most common incurable disease,  they will not only be able to diagnose the exact location of the cancer, but also inject the right medicine to destroy the cancer cells. Nano robots are made in sizes between 0.1 and 10 micrometers and with nano scale or molecular components. Nano machines are largely in the research and development phase.

Note: Silicon nanowires are one of the best examples of semiconductor nanostructures that can be made as a single crystal with a small diameter of 9 to 0 nm.The electromagnetic nature of nanoparticles in magnetic materials, the molecules and atoms that make them  have electromagnetic properties. In other words, elements such as iron, cobalt, nickel and their alloys  are attracted by magnets.  It is called magnetic material. The classification of electromagnetic materials is done based on the magnetic receptivity (magnetization ability of the material). Based on this, materials are classified into three groups: ferromagnetism, paramagnetism, and diamagnetism.

Note: Cobalt nanowires with a diameter of about 93 nm  are made using the electro-deposition technique on the aluminum mold of the nanowires by the galvano-static deposition method. Aluminum mold is made through multi-stage monodizing of pure aluminum sheet.Fabrication of arrays of vertical aligned cobalt nanowires on flat surfaces and field emission (FE) using them as electron cathodes.  These arrays are made by electrodeposition in the form of nanoparticles on Au/Ti substrates. / Si are obtained at very low temperature (<100 °C).After pattern removal, the arrays consist of structurally upright nanowires with high aspect ratios, uniform dimensions, and predetermined densities.  Electron field emission measurements of metallic properties and propagation of cobalt nanowires.

Note: Nanowires are quasi-dielectronic nanostructures with high aspect ratio and large area, where radial strain uniformity allows for unusable combinations of semiconductor materials.  It enables countless applications of nanowires in electronics, optics and quantum technologies in general.In the multiplication of nanowire particles, they are synthesized in air by calculating the nanowire particles embedded in the alumina pattern.  The morphology and phases of nanowires/nanotubes are investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively.   Electron reaction of nanowire particles between oxidation plays a role in the formation of such Nanowire nanostructures.

Note: One-dimensional structures such as nanotubes, nanowires, and quantum wires are noteworthy structures in the fields of nanospintronics, nanophotonics, nanoelectronics, etc. The reason for this attention is their large length-to-diameter ratio and the difference in their electrical, optical, chemical, and magnetic properties, which has led to their use as building blocks in nanoscale electronic and  optoelectronic devices. Different methods for obtaining one-dimensional nanoarrays have been mentioned, among them are methods based on lithography (electron beam lithography, optical lithography, electric lithography, ion beam lithography, lithography by  scanning microscopes), vapor phase deposition method. (Physical vapor deposition and chemical vapor deposition) and methods based on the use of templates. The electron in the atom, in addition to rotating around it under the influence of the gravitational force of the nucleus, also has a rotational movement around itself. This type of rotation in the structure of nanowires is called electron nanospin. 

Note:  The Genome Nano biochip  , a  bioelectronic and microarray nano-  device , widely   performs genomic, proteomic  and functional analysis  on a large scale.Genome Nano biochip mainly  includes three types: DNA microarray , protein microarray, and microfluidic  chip.  By integrating microarray and microfluidic systems, a total micro-nano analysis system is produced, often referred to as a lab-on-a-chip (LOC).  Advances in nanotechnology have  continuously reduced the size of  biochemistry , which in turn has reduced the cost of production and increased its high throughput capability.  Due to the advantages of low cost, high power and nano miniaturization, this technology has great potential. The biggest advantage of DNA arrays is its high speed and power, and it is used in various genomic applications, including  analysis by electric nanoparticles,  Genome  Nano biochip  . Genome Nano biochip chips  ,  especially  functional  microarrays , is used to study basic biological properties such as investigating the interaction of cells or other molecules.  Genome Nano biochipis   able to perform various types of chemical and cellular analysis, isolation and reaction.  Genomenano biochip   is one of the fastest growing areas of microfabrication  and the development of nanotechnology and many technologies to develop applications in a wide range of disciplines including analysis and detection in cells by Nano particles are used.

Note: Silicon wafer substrates can be used for sample substrates, micro artificial substrates, nanowire substrates or biological substrates . A useful flat base of  silicon wafer particles linked with nanowires  and  for biological applications, Si (silicon wafer) has properties similar to glass and can be used to mount or grow nanowire particles.  It can be easily wiped off or used as a whole wafer for the propagation of nanowires. Silicon nanowire arrays or SiNWs are vertical arrays of silicon nanowires on a flat crystalline silicon wafer substrate.  These nanowires are made by a catalytic oxidation and dissolution of Si in the presence of metal catalyst nanoparticles - a self-organized process commonly  known as silicon wafer-  assisted metal-chemical enhanced process. 

Note: Among the common methods of producing nanostructures, stretching, molding, phase separation, self-assembly and electrospinning, electrospinning  has many advantages such as ease of production, the possibility of industrialization, the ability to control the dimensions of the raw materials of nanochips and nanotransistors, and repeatability.Most of the components of chips and nanochips are silicon. By applying the appropriate voltage (threshold voltage) to the silicone solution, the repulsive force overcomes the surface tension of the silicone and a jet is formed. By evaporating the solvent from the jet, the liquid phase changes to solid and the primary nano materials of the chips are formed. Many parameters affect the characteristics of the nanostructures produced by this method, the most important parameters are the distance between the needle and the collector, the applied voltage, the flow rate and the concentration of the silicone solution; By changing these parameters, the optimal dimensions of nanochips can be achieved.  The diameter of nanostructures has a linear relationship with the flow rate and distance, and a non-linear relationship with the potential and concentration of the silicon solution in the production of nanochips and nanotransistors. With increasing distance and electric potential, the diameter of nanostructures decreases and increases with increasing flow rate and electric potential. In the production of nanochips and nanotransistors, when the repulsive force overcomes the surface tension, the electric field reaches a critical value or threshold. At first, the jet moves in a linear pattern, then slowly moves away from the linear pattern and forms a complex shape along the way to the collector.

Note: Cobalt nanowires with a diameter of about 93 nm  are made using the electro-deposition technique on the aluminum mold of the nanowires by the galvano-static deposition method. Aluminum mold is made through multi-stage monodizing of pure aluminum sheet.Fabrication of vertical cobalt nanowire arrays aligned on flat surfaces and field emission (FE) using them as electron cathodes.  These arrays are made by electrodeposition in the form of nanoparticles on Au/Ti substrates. / Si are obtained at very low temperature (<100 °C).

Note:  Silicone wafers  For biological applications, silicon is similar to glass, which makes it a suitable support for the growth and/or nanoparticle mounting of nanowires.  For nanoelectronics applications, it is an ideal sample substrate for small nanoscale particles due to its low background signal and highly polished surface.Silicon wafer substrates can be used for sample substrates, microfabrication, substrates for nanowires or biological substrates.  A useful flat bed of  silicon wafer particles linked with nanowires  and  for biological applications, Si (silicon wafer) has properties similar to glass and can be used to mount or grow nanowire particles.  It can be easily wiped off or used as a whole wafer for the propagation of nanowires.Silicon nanowire arrays or SiNWs are vertical arrays of silicon nanowires on a flat crystalline silicon wafer substrate.  These nanowires are made by a catalytic oxidation and dissolution of Si in the presence of metal catalyst nanoparticles - a self-organized process commonly  known as silicon wafer-  assisted metal-chemical enhanced process.

Note: Graphene has certain electrical properties that make it a promising candidate for future nanoelectronics. While graphene, a single-dimensional carbon layer, is a conductive material, it can be converted into a semiconductor as a nanowire. This means that it has enough energy or a band gap in which there is no electron mode - it can be turned on and off, and therefore may become a major component of nanotransistors.The role of graphene nano-plates (GA) in the construction of Nano Transistors as  an electric field generated by the gate electrode controls the current generated by the two electrodes source and drain. The drain current is modulated by changing the density of the charge carriers in the two-dimensional transmission channel. In the nanotransistor, the effect of a multi-layer Si graphene field is modulated by a three-dimensional transmission channel with a three-dimensional transmission channel thicknessn the circuit diagram of a multilayer GA graphene field effect nanotransistor, the two source and drain electrodes are connected directly to the semiconductor, while the gate electrode is capacitively connected to the semiconductor using a dielectric gate.

Note: Cobalt nanowires technology in the approximate dimensions of 1 to 100 nm, where only one phenomenon of its kind offers descriptive applications, is in the capacity of matter.Cobalt nanowires exhibit electromagnetic absorbing behavior at medium temperature, and when the magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the nanowires, these nanoelectronic devices have a larger coercive field compared to when the electromagnetic field is parallel to the nanowires. Cobalt wires are formed. Nanotechnology encompasses science, engineering and non-scale technology, imaging, measurement, design and manipulation of materials at this length scale. Due to nanotechnology, the speed of computers has increased compared to the past and the value of calculations has decreased. In the immersion method, the nanowires  have enough time to transfer from the particles of the nanowires to the holes; The step of forming uniform nanoparticles is done slowly and finally uniform nanowires are formed. Structural investigation with FESEM  in the immersion method of uniform nanowires in all pores and in a wide area in the particles of nanowires. The simple answer to this question is any particle less than 100 nanometers.  But as  the scale of 1-100 nm determines the size range of a nanoparticle.  In order to prevent particle contact, a cluster of atoms may be removed below 1 nm, but the electron movement in nanoparticles has to particles <1 nm.  Because particles are three-dimensional.