Background: Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a debilitating condition characterized by an individual’s inability to control their alcohol consumption despite adverse consequences. Understanding the neurological aspects of AUD is crucial for effective intervention. This review encompassed a comprehensive search of reputable databases, revealing key insights. Objective: To gain a better understanding of the neurological environment of alcoholism and to shed light on the role of various neurotransmitters in the phenomenon of alcoholism. Methods: A comprehensive search of online databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, was conducted to identify relevant articles. Results: Neurotransmitters such as dopamine, GABA, serotonin, and glutamate play pivotal roles in alcoholism. A disrupted balance of these neurotransmitters contributes to the development and maintenance of AUD. Genetic factors also heavily influence susceptibility to alcoholism, with ADH1B and ALDH2 genes displaying significant impacts on risk. Conclusion: This review will provide a detailed overview of the neurobiology of alcohol addiction, followed by recent studies published in the genetics of alcohol addiction, molecular mechanism and detailed information on the various acute and chronic neurological manifestations of alcoholism for the Future research.