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\title{Coupled hydrodynamic and habitat suitability models jointly reveal
suitable area for stock enhancement and release of marine organism
larvae in Liaodong Bay}



\author[1]{Xiaowei Hu}%
\author[1]{Zhaojun Sheng}%
\author[2]{Yanbin Xi}%
\author[1]{Jiaxuan Yu}%
\author[1]{Ruijin Zhang}%
\affil[1]{Dalian Ocean University}%
\affil[2]{National Marine Environment Monitoring Centre}%


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  \date{May 07, 2026}


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\begin{abstract}
Stock enhancement can effectively increase population sustainablility
and improve fishery resources, making it crucial to discern the suitable
habitats for stock enhancement based on efficiency considerations. In
this paper, a comprehensive model was established to simulate
environmental characteristics in the Liaodong Bay. A habitat suitability
model was developed by considering the optimal growth conditions of the
\emph{Portunus trituberculatus} larvae (PTL). The coupled model showed
that the optimal area for stock-enhancement with PTL occurs in late
June, and the initial suitable habitat area identified represents
17.12\% of the whole Liaodong Bay. Based on the larval migration model
of PTL, the deviation between the larvae and the suitable habitat, as
well as the actual available area for stock enhancement, were further
determined after larval release in the initial suitable habitat. Only
33.67\% of the larvae fulfilled the criteria of remaining within the
suitable habitat for 95\% of the time, and these larvae represented
6.19\% of the whole area of Liaodong Bay. These findings means that the
truly area available for stock enhancement is likely to be a very small
portion of the entire bay, and more precise release of larvae will be
necessary to ensure survival rates after release. Our study actually
provides a methodological framework for the identification of suitable
environment of stock enhancement. This methodology can provide technical
guidance for the stock enhancement of marine larvae with same
applicability for other bays, which in turn contributes to the
sustainable use of marine ecosystem services and fisheries resources.%
\end{abstract}%



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