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\title{The Evolutions and Large-scale Mechanisms of Summer Stratospheric Ozone
Intrusion across Global Hotspots}



\author[1]{Jae Won Lee}%
\author[1]{Yutian Wu}%
\author[2]{Xinyue Wang}%
\affil[1]{Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University}%
\affil[2]{University of colorado boulder}%


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  \date{May 07, 2026}


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\begin{abstract}
Stratospheric ozone intrusions can have a significant impact on regional
near-surface ozone levels. Especially in summer, intrusions can
contribute to extreme ozone events because of preexisting high ozone
levels near the surface and cause serious health issues. Considering the
increasing trend of surface ozone level, an understanding of
stratospheric ozone intrusion is necessary. From a 19-year Whole
Atmosphere Community Climate Model, version 6 (WACCM6) simulation and a
stratospheric origin ozone tracer, we identify the global hotspots of
stratospheric intrusions based on extreme tracer concentrations near the
surface: North America, Africa, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East.
We investigate the common underlying large-scale mechanisms of the
stratospheric intrusions over the identified hotspots from the lower
stratosphere to the lower troposphere. From the trajectory analysis, we
find that the upper-level jet drives isentropic mixing near the jet axis
and initiates stratospheric ozone intrusion. Subsequently,
climatological descent at the lower troposphere brings the ozone down to
the surface, which explains the spatial preference of summertime
stratospheric intrusion events.%
\end{abstract}%



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