Standards Alignment:
Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) HS-PS3-3: Design, build, and refine a device that works within given constraints to convert one form of energy into another form of energy.
Common Core State Standards (CCSS) Math: HSN-Q.A.1: Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems.
Objective:
Students will design and build a solar oven using everyday materials to understand the principles of energy conversion, insulation, and reflection.
Materials:
- Cardboard boxes
- Aluminum foil
- Black construction paper
- Plastic wrap
- Tape
- Thermometers
- Marshmallows or chocolate (for testing)
- Protractors
- Rulers
- Calculators
- Computers or tablets with internet access
Lesson Procedure:
Introduction (10 minutes)
Discuss the importance of renewable energy sources and the role of solar energy.
Introduce the concept of a solar oven and how it uses the sun's energy to cook food.
Research & Design (10 minutes)
Students are grouped into teams and given access to computers/tablets.
Teams research the best designs for solar ovens and the science behind them.
Each team sketches their design on paper, ensuring they integrate principles from their research.
Building the Oven (15 minutes)
- Using the provided materials, each team constructs their solar oven.
- Emphasize the Engineering Design Process:
- Define the problem.
- Do background research.
- Specify requirements.
- Brainstorm solutions.
- Choose the best solution.
- Do development work.
- Build a prototype.
- Test and redesign.
Testing the Oven (10 minutes)
Place a marshmallow or piece of chocolate inside the oven.
Position the oven where it will receive maximum sunlight.
Use the thermometer to measure the temperature inside the oven over time.
Analysis & Discussion (5 minutes)
Teams discuss the effectiveness of their designs.
Discuss the importance of angle, reflection, and insulation in the design.
Talk about real-world applications of solar ovens and the importance of renewable energy.
Assessment:
Teams will present their designs and findings to the class, explaining the science and math principles they integrated.
Students will write a reflection on the process, discussing what worked, what didn't, and how they would improve their design.
Technology Integration:
- Use of computers/tablets for research.
- Use of digital thermometers for accurate temperature readings.
- Optional: Use a solar energy app or website to determine the best angle for maximum sunlight based on the current date and location.
Extensions:
- Challenge students to cook an actual dish using their solar oven.
- Introduce other renewable energy projects, such as wind turbines or hydroelectric generators.
Reflection:
This lesson integrates science (physics of energy conversion and insulation), technology (use of digital tools and devices), engineering (design process), and mathematics (angles, measurement). It presents a real-world challenge of cooking with solar energy and encourages creativity, critical thinking, and teamwork. The hands-on nature of the project and the potential for multiple design solutions make it engaging and educational for students.