Cellulose-based flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) with stable electronic properties were prepared using agricultural waste corn straw cellulose as the raw material. The preparation process employed a single-coating method that is expected to achieve a roll-to-roll process. The FTEs exhibited a transmittance of 86.17% at 550 nm (including the substrate) and a sheet resistance of 45.35 Ω/sq. Moreover, analysis of the SEM surface morphology revealed that silver nanowires (AgNWs) were uniformly embedded within the cellulose, demonstrating high stability, flexibility, and absence of aggregation defects. Additionally, the FTEs displayed excellent electrical stability, with a resistance variation of less than 3% under bending, folding, and after 1,000 bending cycles. Therefore, cellulose-based FTEs hold significant prospects for the high-value utilization of straw cellulose and wide application in flexible electronic devices.