This paper examines the relationship between population aging and regional economic development in major cities in China by analyzing R-studio big data. Through correlation analysis, the study finds that for every percentage point increase in the proportion of elderly people in a jurisdiction, the city's economic growth rate falls by 10 percent, indicating a negative correlation between population aging and economic growth. The paper attributes the fundamental cause of population aging to the development of modern science and technology, particularly in the field of medical and health care. The improvement of people's health and extended lifespan, along with the rapid development of the economy and improvements in living standards, has resulted in a shift in attitudes towards childbirth, leading to a decrease in birth rates. The research then constructs a regional economic development model, population growth trend, and population aging trend chart using cluster analysis and big data R-studio algorithm. The study takes the fluctuations of residents' living consumption level and the degree of population aging in a certain region since 2010 as variables to study the relationship between the degree of population aging and regional economic development. The findings of this research contribute to the development of policies and strategies for sustainable economic growth in the face of population aging. The paper highlights the importance of exploring solutions to population aging and promoting economic development.