Acknowledgements
This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001. GSS was supported by CAPES and CNPq (301343/2023-3). MK was supported by the European Commission through the Marie Skłodowska-Curie fellowship (MSCA MaxPersist #101032484) hosted by RSG. RS-G was supported by a NERC Independent Research Fellowship (NE/M018458/1) and a NERC Pushing the Frontiers (NE/X013766/1).
Data availability The demographic data used in this paper are open-access and available in the COMADRE Animal Matrix Database (https://compadre-db.org/Data/Comadre). A list of the studies and species used here is available in Supplementary Material (Table S1). The data and code supporting the results can be accessed here: https://github.com/SamuelGascoigne/Demographic_buffering_