Structure Type Description Fishery Functions
Boulder cluster (n = 32)
Generally, 1-3 boulders without footers placed near the channel thalweg, and set at an elevation below the bankfull stage, to increase channel complexity and provide fish habitat
Provide mid-channel holding and refuge cover, develop feeding lanes in flow separation zones, and increase habitat complexity
Boulder toe (n = 5)
Bank stabilization treatment consisting of boulders placed along the bank toe, back filled with native alluvium, and covered with locally harvested sod mats or willow transplants
Stabilize eroding streambanks, reduce point sources of sediment and metals pollution, maintain channel dimensions, protect sod mats from erosion, and support reestablishment of riparian vegetation
Boulder vane (n = 11)
Upstream-directed boulder structure with footers placed on the outside of meander bends designed to reduce bank erosion and provide fish habitat by decreasing near-bank slope, velocity, velocity gradient, stream power, and shear stress
Increase bank cover from differential raise in water surface near the bank, create pool for holding and refuge cover during high and low flows, develop feeding lanes in flow separation zones, create spawning habitat in the glide portion of the pool, and increase habitat complexity
Cobble toe (n = 8)
Bank stabilization treatment consisting of cobbles placed along the bank toe, back filled with native alluvium, and covered with locally harvested sod mats or willow transplants
Stabilize eroding streambanks, reduce point sources of sediment and metals pollution, maintain channel dimensions, protect sod mats from erosion, and support reestablishment of riparian vegetation
Grade control, main channel (n =4)
Channel spanning boulder and log structure with footers designed to establish grade control, reduce bank erosion, create a stable width-to-depth ratio, and maintain channel capacity, while maintaining sediment transport capacity and competence within the main channel
Increase bank cover from differential raise in water surface near the bank, develop feeding lanes in flow separation zones, and increase habitat complexity
Grade control, side channel (n =12)
Channel spanning boulder or log structure with footers designed to establish grade control, reduce bank erosion, create a stable width-to-depth ratio, and maintain channel capacity to prevent avulsion into a side channel, erosion of nearby fluvial tailings deposits, or stabilization of an irrigation return
Prevent channel avulsion and erosion of fluvial tailings deposits that could adversely affect water quality
Log toe (n = 22)
Bank stabilization and fish habitat treatment consisting of logs with and without rootwads layered along the bank toe and covered with fill material and locally harvested sod mats or willow transplants
Stabilize eroding streambanks, reduce point sources of sediment and metals pollution, increase overhead cover by creating an undercut bank, develop feeding lanes in flow separation zones, increase habitat complexity, and provide organic material and nutrients for benthic macroinvertebrates
Log vane (n = 43)
Bank stabilization and fish habitat treatment comprised of an upstream-directed log structure, with footer log and no erosion control fabric, used to deflect flows away from the bank and increase habitat complexity
Increase bank cover from differential raise in water surface near the bank, create pool below the vane for holding and refuge cover, develop feeding lanes in flow separation zones, increase habitat complexity, and provide organic material and nutrients for benthic macroinvertebrates