2.2 | Rapid assessment procedure
The stability and function of instream structures was evaluated using a rapid assessment procedure developed by Miller & Kochel (2013). Assessments were conducted annually from 2014-2018 and in 2020. Structures (n = 137) were grouped into the following types: boulder cluster, boulder toe, boulder vane, cobble toe, grade control (main channel or side channel), log toe, and log vane. Descriptions for each structure type, including anticipated functions, and sample sizes were presented in Table 1. Typical photos for all structure types, detailed maps of the project reach, and repeat photographs for each structure were included with the Supporting Information. Rapid assessment surveys were conducted after snowmelt runoff each year, sometime during August-November, to evaluate each structure for integrity and function, as well as unintended erosion and deposition, using the rankings presented in Table 2. To evaluate structural integrity and function, rankings of intact (1) and damaged (2) were considered stable and functional, while rankings of impaired (3) and failed (4) indicated that the structure no longer functioned and were counted against the 90% objective for integrity. For erosion and deposition, performance rankings ≥ 3 were considered non-functional. Due to a relatively high number of failures, log-vane structures were analyzed separately to determine if improper design or construction contributed to the failures. Specifications for log vanes included an angle of departure = 20-30° and slope = 2-7% (Rosgen, 2006). The angle of departure and slope for each log vane were calculated from the as-built survey and used for the post hoc analysis of log vane performance. Some structures were removed during maintenance in 2016, after which they were excluded from the survey in subsequent years, as were any structures that had failed in the preceding year.