To investigate the effect of an injectable calcium alginate-amelogenin hydrogel on the polarizability of macrophages and its mechanism of effectively mediating the bone immune microenvironment and improving the osteogenic efficacy of jaw and facial bone defect areas. In this study, we prepared an injectable calcium alginate-amelogenin hydrogel using calcium alginate loaded with amelogenin and investigated its physical properties through cellular experiments. The experimental results showed that the material is injectable, biocompatible, degradable, anti-inflammatory, and promotes osteogenesis. This project provides new ideas for formulating bone tissue regeneration materials and promotes their clinical translation.