The attenuation of ocean surface waves during seasonal ice cover is an important control on the evolution of many Arctic coastlines. The spatial and temporal variations in this process have been challenging to resolve with conventional sampling using sparse arrays of moorings or buoys. We demonstrate a novel method for persistent observation of wave-ice interactions using distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) along existing seafloor telecommunications cables. The DAS measurements span a 36-km cross-shore seafloor cable on the Beaufort Shelf from Oliktok Point, Alaska. DAS measurements of strain-rate provide a proxy for seafloor pressure, which we calibrate with wave buoy measurements during the ice-free season (August 2022). We apply this calibration during the ice formation season (November 2021) to obtain unprecedented resolution of variable wave attenuation rates in new, partial ice cover. The location and strength of wave attenuation serve as a proxy for ice coverage and thickness, especially during rapidly-evolving events.

Drifting buoy observations in Hurricane Idalia (2023) are used to investigate the dependence of ocean surface wave mean square slope on wind, wave, and storm characteristics.  Mean square slope has a primary dependence on wind speed that is linear at low-to-moderate wind speeds and approaches saturation at high wind speeds (> 20 m s-1).  Inside Hurricane Idalia, buoy-measured mean square slopes have a secondary dependence on wind-wave alignment: at a given wind speed, slopes are higher where wind and waves are aligned compared to where wind and waves are crossing.  At moderate wind speeds, differences in mean square slope between aligned and crossing conditions can vary 15% to 20% relative to their mean.  These changes in wave slopes may be related to the reported dependence of air-sea drag coefficients on wind-wave alignment.