Conclusion
A recently completed randomized clinical trial demonstrated the safety and efficacy of the convergent approach.3 Yet, real-world, long-term evidence is generally lacking. This study demonstrated that patients with more complex forms of AF (PAF refractory to both AAD and index cryoballoon ablation and persistent/LSPAF) could be well managed with a convergent approach. Moreover, outcomes match safety and efficacy thresholds achieved by patients with an early, less complex AF etiology treated by cryoballoon PVI-alone.
Acknowledgements: None
Disclosures: None