Introduction
According to Losada et al. [1], polyserositis is an inflammation of several serous membranes, such as the pleura, pericardium, and peritoneum, which causes a buildup of exudates in these body cavities. The causes of polyserositis are numerous. According to a systemic review which included 114 patients, the most frequent causes of polyserositis were neoplasia (30; 26.3%), autoimmune disorders (19; 16.7%), and infections (16; 12.2%), [2]. Polyserositis, a rare presentation of disseminated tuberculosis, may delay diagnosis of tuberculosis [3].
Hypothyroidism and tuberculosis (TB) are correlated in both directions. Patients with hypothyroidism have a roughly 3-fold increased risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) compared to those without hypothyroidism, and those already suffering from TB have a 2-fold increased risk of developing hypothyroidism [4]. Chemotaxis, phagocytosis, the generation of reactive oxygen species, and the release of cytokines are just a few of the immune system processes that thyroid hormones regulate [5]. Hypothyroidism may have a negative impact on the immune system, and recent research has demonstrated that thyroid hormone signaling is crucial for an effective immunological response to TB infection [6].
We report a rare case of polyserositis due to tuberculosis, involving pleura, pericardium and peritoneum in a young female patient concomitantly diagnosed to have primary hypothyroidism.