Acute arrest of hematopoiesis (AAH) is a rare disease of the blood system,which is a self-limited and reversible acute arrest of bone marrow hematopoietic function caused by various reasons such as drugs,infection,radiation,and usually manifested as a decrease in red blood cells and reticulocytes in the blood or a decrease in whole blood cells[1].The most common acute hemopoietic arrest caused by viral infection is parvovirus B19,In addition to parvovirus B19,it is also seen in Epstein Barr virus, cytomegalovirus,HIV,rubella and infectious hepatitis viruses.The development of AAH secondary to influenza A virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is rare,To date,there have been no reports of AAH caused by influenza A virus and streptococcus pneumoniae infection.Due to the fact that this disease is easily misdiagnosed as aplastic anemia,timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial.The present study increased our knowledge of this rare disease and its characteristics,which will enable physicians to be aware of the development of AAH as a rare complication of influenza A virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae infection.