Objective: The study aims to determine the effects of supine and prone positioning after extubation of preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) on the respiratory function. Design: The study was conducted 42 premature infants born before 37+6 weeks of gestation. Two groups premature infants, each consisting of 21 babies, were selected by randomization method and totally 42 babies were included in the study. Newborn Assessment Form was used to collect the data. Results: In the study, the median SpO2 of infants in the supine position were lower than the median SpO2 of preterm infants placed in the prone position in the measurements according to time. There was a significant difference between the median SpO2 and repeated measurements within the position groups (supine group <0.001; prone group <0.001). There was also significant difference between the distribution of respiratory rhythms in terms of time in the preterm infant group in the prone position (p=0.035). In the 120th minute, 95.2% of the respiratory rhythms were rhythmical. In the study, it can be understood that there is no statistically significant difference with the respiratory rate at different times in preterm infants in supine and prone positions. Conclusion: The result of the study showed that the supine and prone position after extubation had no effect on the median values of SpO2, respiratory rate, respiratory distress, and respiratory rhythm in preterm infants.