The flow duration curve (FDC) is the cumulative distribution function, which represents the relationship between the frequency and magnitude of streamflow，and the precipitation duration curves (PDC) follows the same principle. Nowadays, the correlation between the shape of PDC and FDC curves, their respective physical control factors, and their fitting conditions in unmeasured catchments across China have not been fully understood. In this paper, daily precipitation from 698 weather stations across China and streamflow from more than 200 hydrological stations in the middle and lower Yangtze River basin were chosen to analyze the relationship, similarity, regional pattern and response mechanism of fitting parameters between PDC and FDCs. Framework was proposed for modeling FDC, decomposing the Streamflow time series into fast flow and slow flow time series and attributing the shapes of PDC and FDCs to catchment meteorological and geographical characteristics and physical processes. Results indicate that the parameters of PDC and certain FDCs (TFDC, FFDC, SFDC) share similar spatial patterns but the value of parameters and shape of curves varies for the different duration and interactions of the processes. The climate and catchment characteristics such as extreme properties of precipitation, base flow index ( BFI), Pmax*αp and concentration ratio index based on monthly precipitation ( CIM) will influence the shape of normalized PDC and FDCs, which provides a way to predict unmeasured catchments for PDC and FDCs, diagnose catchment rainfall-runoff responses, including similarity and differences between catchments, and can be applied to more future research about processes based on physical controls.