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\title{Science AMA Series: Hi, I'm Warren Grill and we used computational
evolution to design new patterns of deep brain stimulation to treat
symptoms of Parkinson's disease. AMA!}



\author[1]{Warren_Grill }%
\author[1]{r/Science AMAs}%
\affil[1]{Affiliation not available}%


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  \date{April 24, 2026}


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\begin{abstract}
Hi reddit! My name is Warren Grill and I've spent the past 15 years
trying to understand how deep brain stimulation treats symptoms in
persons with Parkinson's disease. This understanding will allow us to
make the treatment better. A few years ago, we discovered that the
effects of deep brain stimulation depend on the timing of the
stimulation pulses. We then used a process based on the principles of
evolution to design temporal patterns of stimulation that work better
than traditional stimulation at a single high frequency. I've been
trying to build on that discovery ever since. Our work recently earned a
Javits Neuroscience Award from the National Institutes of Health,
providing \$4 million over the next seven years to fund my laboratory at
Duke University. In our experimental work to test the theory that
regularization of neural activity was required for deep brain
stimulation (DBS) to relieve symptoms, we delivered different random
patterns of DBS all at the same average high frequency. The results
indeed showed that random patterns were not effective, and of importance
to the current work, that the effects of DBS were dependent on the
temporal pattern of stimulation. This inspired the idea of designing
patterns of stimulation to be more effective and efficient. In one
example, we developed a series of temporal patterns that were intended
to act as probes for the potential mechanisms of DBS and found that
specific patterns were more effective at relieving symptoms than
conventional high frequency DBS. These patterns were also more effective
at suppressing low frequency oscillatory neural activity. The current
work demonstrates the design of patterns that are more efficient than
conventional high frequency DBS. One critical aspect of our work is the
novel paradigm that we developed to conduct studies during the surgical
replacement of the implanted DBS pulse generator due to depleted
batteries, as this enabled early translational studies in human
subjects. A second key innovation was the design of an electronic system
that enabled us to record very small amplitude brain signals in the
presence of large artifacts generated by the application of DBS. I'll be
back at 10:30 AM EST to answer your questions. AMA!%
\end{abstract}%



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