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\title{Science AMA Series: I'm King-Wai Yau, a neuroscientist at Johns Hopkins
Medicine studying sight and smell. My lab has just affirmed that mouse
pupils respond to light without their brains. AMA!}



\author[1]{HopkinsMedicine_AMA }%
\author[1]{r/Science AMAs}%
\affil[1]{Affiliation not available}%


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  \date{April 23, 2026}


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\begin{abstract}
Hi Reddit, my name is King-Wai Yau, and I'm a neuroscientist at the
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine studying sight and smell! I
started out in medical school at the University of Hong Kong but soon
switched back to basic science and came to study in the U.S I have been
studying vision for over 40 years, focusing on its first step, in which
light interacts with the rod and cone receptor cells of the retina,
initiating a complex biochemical/biophysical process which your brain
eventually interprets as vision. However, we now know that additional
photoreceptor cells beyond the rods and cones you learn in school
actually exist in the retina. These newly found cells mediate eye
functions unrelated to creating images, like constricting your pupil in
response to changes in light. These non-rod/non-cone photoreceptors are
important for helping us appreciate the progress of the day and, for
example, in enabling us to get over jet-lag when traveling across time
zones. Recently, my research has focused on understanding how
light-induced pupillary constriction in mouse eyes can occur without the
brain. Unlike in humans, mice's pupils can constrict without an
obligatory connection to the brain because light-detecting pigment,
present in the iris' sphincter muscle, responds directly to light. These
findings shed light on the evolutionary path of the pupillary light
reflex in vertebrates, which is essential for regulating light entry
into the eye especially under bright conditions. Outside of the lab,
although I hardly watch any commercial television, I would compulsively
put aside work in the evening to watch Nature and Nova programs when
they come up on Public Television. Any knowledge about biology, physics
and chemistry is fair game to me! Check out my latest research here I'll
be back at 1pm ET today to answer your questions.%
\end{abstract}%



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