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\title{I'm Zena Werb, I study cancer at the molecular level at UCSF. My lab is
trying to uncover how cancer spreads through the body (metastasizes),
which causes the majority of cancer deaths.}



\author[1]{Dr_Zena_Werb }%
\author[1]{r/Science AMAs}%
\affil[1]{Affiliation not available}%


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  \date{April 23, 2026}


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\begin{abstract}
Happy Breast Cancer Awareness Month. A cancer is described as metastatic
when cells break off from a primary tumor and spread to other parts of
the body. For example, if breast cancer cells travel to the lungs and
form a tumor there, that is a metastasis, or a metastatic breast cancer
tumor, not lung cancer. Even one cancerous cell can break off a tumor,
travel through the bloodstream and lodge itself in new tissue.
Metastatic cells can start growing into tumors of their own right away,
but often lie dormant for days, weeks, or even decades, only to flare up
long after the primary tumor has been removed. Metastases cause the vast
majority of cancer deaths, particularly in the case of breast cancer,
where the original tumor is rarely deadly on its own. But the process by
which cancer cells escape a primary tumor, invade other parts of the
body, and seed new cancerous growths is poorly understood. In breast
cancer in particular, we suspect that metastases are influenced by the
intrinsically stem-cell-like genetic programs needed for breast tissue
to grow during puberty and pregnancy. Only a small fraction of cancer
research funding goes towards understanding metastases, partly because
these tiny rogue cells are hard to find and study. As a result, deadly
metastatic cancers are still extremely difficult to treat. Most cancer
drugs are developed to shrink primary tumors, and they often don't
perform as well on metastatic tumors. My lab at UCSF is trying to
uncover the biological mechanism underlying metastasis so we can finally
understand how tumors shed cells, how the cells travel, how they
survive, how they grow into new tumors, and how to stop them. In
particular, we're interested in how the local biological environment
influences metastases that land in different parts of the body. Here's a
UCSF article a recent finding from my work: Metastatic Breast Cancer
Cells Turn On Stem Cell Genes Here's my lab at UCSF I'll be back at 1 pm
Et (10 am PT, 5 pm UTC) to answer your questions, ask me anything! EDIT:
I am signed on. I am getting ready to answer questions. EDIT: Thanks for
the questions. I am now signing off and getting back to research.%
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