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\title{PLOS Science Wednesday: We're Drs. Albert Ko and Federico Costa; our
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases paper examines the burden of
leptospirosis, a disease that impacts urban slum dwellers and rural su}



\author[1]{PLOSScienceWednesday }%
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\affil[1]{Affiliation not available}%


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  \date{April 23, 2026}


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\begin{abstract}
Hi Reddit, My name is Albert Ko and I am a Professor at Yale School of
Public Health. My research focuses on identifying solutions for health
problems that have emerged as a consequence of rapid urbanization,
social inequity and the growth of slum settlements. I am joined by my
colleague, Federico Costa, who is an Associate Professor at the
Universidade Federal da Bahia in Brazil. His research centers on how the
ecology of the slum communities influences the disease emergence and
transmission in such environments. Federico and I recently published a
study, titled ``Global Mortality and Morbidity of Leptospirosis: A
Systematic Review'', in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. This study
estimated the health burden caused by leptospirosis, a bacterial disease
that is transmitted by rats, livestock and other animals in environments
that lack basic sanitation. We found that leptospirosis accounts for one
million cases and 60,000 deaths each year, most of which occur in
regions where its impact on subsistence farmers, pastoralists and slum
dwellers has been ``neglected''. Furthermore, the burden of
leptospirosis is projected to rise as the global expansion of
shantytowns and climate change-associated extreme weather events create
the environmental conditions for intensified transmission. We invite you
to ask questions about leptospirosis, and how changes in the world's
demographics and environment are creating new health challenges and
neglected diseases which impart their greatest impact on vulnerable
populations. We'll be taking your questions at 1pm ET (10 am PT, 6 pm
UTC) -- Ask Us Anything! NOTE from PLOS: Albert and Federico are
presenting at a conference in Brazil today, and will answer questions as
they are able, sometimes before or after the 1-2pm ET live chat hour.%
\end{abstract}%



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