Tianyu Zhou 1, 2, Longcang Shu1, 2, *, Chengpeng Lu1, 2, Bo
Liu1, 2
1 College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing
210098, China;
211301010054@hhu.edu.cn(Z.T.Y.)
2 State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic
Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
* Correspondence:mailto:lcshu@hhu.edu.cn ;
Tel: +86-138-5194-1641
Abstract : The continuous exploitation of groundwater has made
wetland degradation an ecological and geological environmental problem
that cannot be ignored and which has had impacts on the ecological
environment and human production and life. In this study, with the help
of Visual MODFLOW software, we used numerical simulation technology to
simulate the wetland–aquifer interaction during the multiyear pumping
process, establish a quasi-ideal model of wetlands based on the actual
area of the Baiyangdian Basin, simulate the relationship of water
quantity change between wetlands and piedmont plain aquifers during
groundwater exploitation and its natural recovery process, and quantify
the attenuation of the contribution of groundwater to wetlands caused by
groundwater overexploitation. The results show that the impact of
groundwater overexploitation on wetland degradation is mainly divided
into two parts: one is the reduced base flow from the piedmont plain to
the wetland, and the other is the induced infiltration caused by the
reverse recharge of groundwater from the wetland due to the pumping
effect. At the beginning of pumping, the effect of reduced base flow on
wetland degradation is dominant, but with a longer pumping time, the
effect of induced infiltration on wetland degradation exceeds the effect
of reduced base flow. After stopping pumping, the effect of induced
infiltration on wetland degradation responds instantly and decreases
rapidly, while the effect of reduced base flow on wetland degradation
continues for a long time. The total water reduction of wetlands
increases with increasing hydraulic conductivity, and in actual wetland
areas, if groundwater overexploitation is not restricted or artificial
supply measures are not taken, the amount of wetland water will
gradually decrease until it is exhausted.
Keywords: Wetland degradation; groundwater overexploitation;
numerical simulation; surface water and groundwater; attenuation of
contribution.